人ren們men對dui膳shan食shi纖xian維wei的de認ren識shi曾zeng有you過guo很hen大da的de誤wu解jie，認ren為wei膳shan食shi纖xian維wei不bu但dan沒mei有you任ren何he營ying養yang，甚shen至zhi對dui人ren體ti沒mei有you任ren何he作zuo用yong。在zai生sheng活huo飲yin食shi上shang隻zhi盲mang目mu地di攝she取qu營ying養yang，將jiang富fu含han大da量liang脂zhi肪fang的de食shi物wu攝she取qu體ti內nei
，由you於yu人ren體ti消xiao化hua係xi統tong的de限xian製zhi性xing，導dao致zhi大da量liang熱re量liang無wu法fa吸xi收shou，而er產chan生sheng很hen多duo“富貴病”。但是近年來隨著食品專家、醫學工作者及生物領域內專家的不斷研究，證明了膳食纖維在人們生活飲食中的重要性，並將膳食纖維列為新一代營養素。

一、膳食纖維及其基本來源

    1、膳食纖維

    膳shan食shi纖xian維wei不bu容rong易yi被bei人ren體ti吸xi收shou
，也ye正zheng是shi由you於yu這zhe個ge原yuan因yin，以yi前qian它ta才cai會hui被bei人ren類lei當dang成cheng是shi不bu具ju任ren何he營ying養yang價jia值zhi的de物wu質zhi。它ta是shi被bei人ren體ti攝she人ren體ti內nei的de一yi些xie不bu易yi吸xi收shou的de高gao分fen子zi總zong稱cheng，經jing研yan究jiu證zheng明ming，膳shan食shi纖xian維wei有you的de雖sui然ran不bu能neng被bei人ren體ti消xiao化hua
，但dan是shi對dui於yu溫wen度du較jiao高gao的de水shui卻que沒mei有you抵di抗kang力li；而對於另外一些膳食纖維不但不能被人體消化
，同時也不能被高溫度的水所溶解。

    有you人ren會hui說shuo，既ji然ran都dou不bu能neng被bei人ren體ti吸xi收shou，那na就jiu肯ken定ding沒mei有you任ren何he營ying養yang可ke言yan了le
，對dui人ren類lei也ye就jiu沒mei有you任ren何he意yi義yi。根gen據ju一yi些xie專zhuan家jia的de科ke學xue研yan究jiu證zheng明ming，這zhe種zhong說shuo法fa是shi不bu正zheng確que的de，膳shan食shi纖xian維wei自zi有you其qi自zi身shen特te性xing，例li如ru它ta不bu僅jin具ju有you較jiao強qiang的de吸xi附fu能neng力li而er且qie還hai具ju有you發fa酵jiao作zuo用yong等deng。

    正(zheng)是(shi)這(zhe)些(xie)看(kan)似(si)無(wu)用(yong)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)
，對(dui)人(ren)體(ti)各(ge)種(zhong)生(sheng)理(li)功(gong)能(neng)卻(que)具(ju)有(you)很(hen)強(qiang)的(de)調(tiao)節(jie)作(zuo)用(yong)
，如(ru)對(dui)於(yu)一(yi)些(xie)腸(chang)胃(wei)不(bu)好(hao)的(de)人(ren)來(lai)說(shuo)
，膳(shan)食(shi)纖(xian)維(wei)能(neng)夠(gou)改(gai)善(shan)腸(chang)道(dao)，加(jia)快(kuai)腸(chang)道(dao)蠕(ru)動(dong)，使(shi)人(ren)大(da)便(bian)暢(chang)通(tong)，並(bing)且(qie)能(neng)夠(gou)減(jian)小(xiao)一(yi)些(xie)腸(chang)道(dao)疾(ji)病(bing)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)率(lv)。

    現xian在zai人ren們men在zai焙bei烤kao日ri常chang食shi品pin時shi也ye開kai始shi加jia入ru膳shan食shi纖xian維wei，雖sui然ran說shuo這zhe樣yang做zuo正zheng麵mian作zuo用yong很hen大da，對dui人ren體ti身shen體ti健jian康kang也ye具ju有you積ji極ji意yi義yi，但dan是shi焙bei烤kao食shi品pin都dou是shi由you麵mian團tuan做zuo成cheng的de，利li用yong膳shan食shi纖xian維wei的de發fa酵jiao作zuo用yong也ye會hui對dui麵mian團tuan產chan生sheng影ying響xiang，並bing且qie這zhe種zhong影ying響xiang是shi負fu麵mian的de。因yin此ci在zai焙bei烤kao過guo程cheng中zhong要yao不bu斷duan更geng新xin製zhi作zuo方fang法fa，盡jin量liang將jiang膳shan食shi纖xian維wei的de優you勢shi帶dai給gei消xiao費fei者zhe，同tong時shi又you要yao降jiang低di其qi帶dai來lai的de副fu作zuo用yong。

    2、膳食纖維的基本來源

    膳食纖維在平常生活中也很常見，在焙烤食品中常用的膳食纖維主要來源於大豆、小麥
、稻穀、yumiyijiguaguoshucai。suiranshuodoushishanshixianweidanyouyulaiyuanbutong，yejuyoubutongdexingzhi。dajiadouzhidaoguwuzhongfuhandaliangshanshixianwei
，erzhezhongshanshixianweihaishixiaomaidefupijiushiyizhongdianxingdaibiao。

    woguoshinongyedaguo，shengchanxiaomai，suoyifupiliangchanchuyebijiaoda
，jiageyexiangduibianyi。fupizhongsuohandeshanshixianweikeyiyonglaizhizuoshipintianjiaji

，tongchanghuizaiyixiaomaiweiyuanliaodeshipinzhongshiyong。youyushanshixianweigaochishuijitedian，shideshiyongshipintianjiajideshipinchishuiliangpiangao。

    以(yi)往(wang)在(zai)麵(mian)包(bao)製(zhi)作(zuo)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，由(you)於(yu)缺(que)乏(fa)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)等(deng)，使(shi)得(de)做(zuo)出(chu)來(lai)的(de)麵(mian)包(bao)營(ying)養(yang)不(bu)夠(gou)豐(feng)富(fu)，而(er)且(qie)口(kou)味(wei)還(hai)不(bu)佳(jia)。但(dan)是(shi)如(ru)果(guo)能(neng)在(zai)製(zhi)作(zuo)時(shi)加(jia)入(ru)適(shi)量(liang)麩(fu)皮(pi)，麩(fu)皮(pi)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)無(wu)機(ji)鹽(yan)及(ji)膳(shan)食(shi)纖(xian)維(wei)，做(zuo)出(chu)來(lai)的(de)麵(mian)包(bao)還(hai)比(bi)較(jiao)鬆(song)軟(ruan)，從(cong)而(er)也(ye)能(neng)彌(mi)補(bu)傳(chuan)統(tong)工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)不(bu)足(zu)。經(jing)研(yan)究(jiu)發(fa)現(xian)，長(chang)期(qi)食(shi)用(yong)這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)食(shi)品(pin)對(dui)人(ren)體(ti)還(hai)具(ju)有(you)保(bao)健(jian)作(zuo)用(yong)。

    dadouyeshiwoguochangjiandeliangshizuowu，erqiedadouzhongyefuhanfengfudeshanshixianwei，yufupizhongdeshanshixianweibutongdeshi，tashuyutanshuihuahewu。danshitatongyangbaohandaliangxianweisu
，erqieyeshishuyuchuntianrande
，youdadouweiyuanliaoshengchanchudeshanshixianweibeidaliangyingyongzaigaodianzhizuozhong。

    因(yin)為(wei)很(hen)多(duo)高(gao)點(dian)都(dou)是(shi)要(yao)裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)出(chu)售(shou)，而(er)麵(mian)食(shi)製(zhi)作(zuo)
，一(yi)般(ban)會(hui)在(zai)出(chu)售(shou)之(zhi)前(qian)流(liu)失(shi)水(shui)份(fen)，最(zui)後(hou)消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)吃(chi)到(dao)的(de)食(shi)品(pin)已(yi)經(jing)喪(sang)失(shi)了(le)原(yuan)有(you)的(de)味(wei)道(dao)
，或(huo)者(zhe)說(shuo)很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)就(jiu)會(hui)變(bian)質(zhi)。但(dan)是(shi)在(zai)食(shi)品(pin)中(zhong)加(jia)入(ru)大(da)豆(dou)類(lei)的(de)膳(shan)食(shi)纖(xian)維(wei)能(neng)夠(gou)保(bao)持(chi)糕(gao)點(dian)的(de)水(shui)份(fen)
，從(cong)而(er)使(shi)糕(gao)點(dian)保(bao)質(zhi)期(qi)變(bian)長(chang)。同(tong)時(shi)由(you)於(yu)這(zhe)類(lei)膳(shan)食(shi)纖(xian)維(wei)還(hai)含(han)有(you)人(ren)體(ti)所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)
，從(cong)醫(yi)學(xue)角(jiao)度(du)來(lai)看(kan)，它(ta)還(hai)可(ke)以(yi)作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)些(xie)特(te)殊(shu)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)保(bao)健(jian)用(yong)品(pin)。

    daogushinanfangchangjianzuowu
，daogutuopichanchudemikangchangchangbeishiweiwuyongzhiwu，danshiyoushiyanzhengming，zhezhongmikangzhongyouzhedaliangdeshanshixianwei


，tongshihaihanyoufengfudeyingyangwuzhi
，ruguonengjiangqiheliliyong
，najiangshishanshixianweishengchandelixiangyuanliao。erqiezheleishanshixianweidoushibukerongde，jiangqijiarubeikaoshipinzhizuozhong，zaihendachengdushanghuizengjiamiantuandexishuilv。

    玉yu米mi和he以yi上shang幾ji類lei作zuo物wu相xiang比bi，膳shan食shi纖xian維wei含han量liang比bi較jiao高gao，而er且qie它ta所suo含han有you的de對dui人ren體ti有you害hai的de植zhi酸suan量liang比bi較jiao低di
，焙bei烤kao食shi品pin中zhong加jia入ru這zhe類lei纖xian維wei，人ren類lei食shi用yong後hou並bing不bu會hui影ying響xiang對dui鈣gai、鋅等的吸收，也不會影響人的健康指數。人長期使用這樣的焙烤食品
，如餅幹等，還可以降低體內血清膽固醇的含量。

二、在焙烤食品中加入膳食纖維的影響

    beikaoshipinyuanliaoyibandoushimianfen，erzaimianfenzhongjiarushanshixianweihuidaozhibeikaoshipindeehua。zheshiyinweishanshixianweizhongdemouxiechengfennengshidianfenzhongdedanbaizhibianshao
，ershipinzhonghanyoudaliangdianfen，yeshishipindanbaizhidezhuyaolaiyuan，shanshixianweidejiaruhuijianshaomiantuanzhongwangluojiegoumianjindeshengcheng，tebieshifangruliangbiandashi，zhezhongehuachengdugengjiamingxian，congeryingxiangmianfenzhiliang。danshiruguohelixuanzeshanshixianwei

，zaimiantuanzhongjiarushiliangdadouxianweifanernengqidaoyizhidegongneng
，congerqidaogailiangmiantuandezuoyong。

    tongshi，shanshixianweizhonghaifuhanduozhongduotanghuahewu，zhezhongduotanghuahewujuyouyidingdezhanhexing，qijiegouleisiyusanweiwangluojiegou。jiangqitianjiadaomianfenzhongnengqidaomianfendegailiangzuoyong。kouganhezhigandouhuiyoumingxiandetigao。shanshixianweichulefuhanduotanghuahewuwai
，haifuhanlingwaiyizhongjutangfuhewu
，tashiyizhongbuyironghedewujutang，

    戊(wu)聚(ju)糖(tang)能(neng)夠(gou)與(yu)麵(mian)粉(fen)中(zhong)的(de)蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)結(jie)合(he)形(xing)成(cheng)更(geng)大(da)的(de)網(wang)絡(luo)結(jie)構(gou)，因(yin)而(er)能(neng)夠(gou)起(qi)到(dao)麵(mian)團(tuan)的(de)改(gai)良(liang)作(zuo)用(yong)。同(tong)時(shi)戊(wu)聚(ju)糖(tang)通(tong)過(guo)某(mou)種(zhong)的(de)化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)能(neng)夠(gou)延(yan)長(chang)澱(dian)粉(fen)的(de)老(lao)化(hua)速(su)度(du)
，這(zhe)有(you)利(li)於(yu)做(zuo)麵(mian)包(bao)，因(yin)此(ci)
，在(zai)焙(bei)烤(kao)食(shi)物(wu)中(zhong)適(shi)當(dang)加(jia)入(ru)膳(shan)食(shi)纖(xian)維(wei)有(you)利(li)於(yu)改(gai)善(shan)麵(mian)粉(fen)質(zhi)量(liang)。

三
、結語

    tongguoyishangfenxikezhi
，shanshixianweidequeyouqiteshudejiegouhelihuaxingzhi

，yinci
，zaishipindezhizuoguochengzhongshidangtianjiashanshixianweibujinnengbaoxianyanchangmianfenshouming
，gengnenghenhaodegaishanqifengweihekougan。tongshi，shanshixianweizhonghaifuhanmouxieyingyangchengfennengweichirentijiankang。tazaifadaguojiazhongbeiguangfanyanjiuheshiyong，yinci，ruhejiakuaiqizaizhongguoshichangdepujiyibiandegengpoqie，yejianghuibiandegengyouyiyi。