“七分管、三分剪”,這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)條(tiao)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)養(yang)花(hua)經(jing)驗(yan)。通(tong)過(guo)修(xiu)剪(jian),可(ke)使(shi)花(hua)木(mu)的(de)枝(zhi)條(tiao)分(fen)布(bu)均(jun)勻(yun),並(bing)可(ke)以(yi)節(jie)省(sheng)養(yang)分(fen),減(jian)少(shao)消(xiao)耗(hao),調(tiao)節(jie)樹(shu)勢(shi),控(kong)製(zhi)徒(tu)長(chang),從(cong)而(er)使(shi)花(hua)木(mu)株(zhu)形(xing)整(zheng)齊(qi),姿(zi)態(tai)優(you)美(mei),達(da)到(dao)多(duo)開(kai)花(hua)、多結果的目的。
花木的修剪一年四季都可以進行,但主要是在冬、xialiangji。xiajixiujianzhuyaoshizaishengchangqi,shijianfanweishicongchunjimengfaxinshaokaishi,daoqiumotingzhishengchangweizhi。zaiciqijianzhinengzuojubudeqingduxiujian,jiandiaokuweihuozheduandezhitiao,congerbaochizhuxingdezhengqi、優you美mei。而er冬dong季ji修xiu剪jian是shi指zhi休xiu眠mian期qi的de修xiu剪jian,時shi間jian範fan圍wei是shi從cong秋qiu末mo枝zhi條tiao停ting止zhi生sheng長chang開kai始shi,到dao來lai年nian早zao春chun頂ding芽ya萌meng發fa前qian為wei止zhi。此ci期qi間jian修xiu剪jian較jiao重zhong,修xiu剪jian的de重zhong點dian是shi根gen據ju不bu同tong種zhong類lei的de花hua木mu生sheng長chang特te性xing進jin行xing疏shu枝zhi和he短duan截jie。修xiu剪jian時shi要yao因yin種zhong類lei而er異yi,區qu別bie對dui待dai。凡fan是shi在zai春chun季ji開kai花hua的de花hua木mu,如ru梅mei花hua、碧桃、連翹、迎春、丁香、海棠、紫(zi)荊(jing)等(deng),花(hua)芽(ya)都(dou)是(shi)在(zai)前(qian)一(yi)年(nian)生(sheng)的(de)枝(zhi)條(tiao)上(shang)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)。因(yin)此(ci),冬(dong)季(ji)不(bu)能(neng)重(zhong)剪(jian),隻(zhi)能(neng)剪(jian)除(chu)無(wu)花(hua)芽(ya)的(de)秋(qiu)梢(shao)。如(ru)果(guo)在(zai)冬(dong)季(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)過(guo)重(zhong),就(jiu)會(hui)把(ba)夏(xia)季(ji)已(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)帶(dai)有(you)花(hua)芽(ya)的(de)枝(zhi)條(tiao)剪(jian)掉(diao),影(ying)響(xiang)第(di)二(er)年(nian)開(kai)花(hua)。正(zheng)確(que)的(de)做(zuo)法(fa)是(shi)在(zai)開(kai)花(hua)後(hou)一(yi)至(zhi)兩(liang)周(zhou)內(nei)進(jin)行(xing)短(duan)截(jie),促(cu)進(jin)側(ce)枝(zhi)萌(meng)發(fa)成(cheng)新(xin)梢(shao),形(xing)成(cheng)來(lai)年(nian)的(de)花(hua)枝(zhi)。凡(fan)是(shi)在(zai)當(dang)年(nian)生(sheng)枝(zhi)條(tiao)上(shang)開(kai)花(hua)的(de)花(hua)木(mu)。如(ru)月(yue)季(ji)、扶桑、茉莉、一品紅、夜來香、紫薇、金橘、佛手、木芙蓉,應在冬季重剪,促其翌年多萌發新梢、多開花、多結果。對於觀葉花木,應根據冬季室溫來決定修剪的時間,如果室溫較低,則應在入室前修剪,以便縮小冠幅,減少占地麵積;ruguoshiwenjiaogao,yingzailainianchushishixiujian,yimiancijiyeyazaidongjimengfaerchoushengxinshao,xiaohaoyingyang。duiyumengfalijiaoruodehuamu,rusongbailei,zhongjianhouhennanhuifu,yibanbuyaozhongjian。tengbenhuamuyibanbuxuyaoxiujian,zhijianchuguolaohemishengruozhijike。baiyulan、櫻花、雞爪械等樹形優美的花木,也不做大的修剪。
修剪主要是進行疏枝和短截。疏枝是剪除密生枝、交叉枝、徒長枝、纖弱枝、病(bing)蟲(chong)枝(zhi)及(ji)枯(ku)枝(zhi),以(yi)利(li)於(yu)通(tong)風(feng)透(tou)光(guang),減(jian)少(shao)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。短(duan)截(jie)是(shi)將(jiang)枝(zhi)條(tiao)的(de)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)剪(jian)短(duan),促(cu)使(shi)其(qi)萌(meng)發(fa)側(ce)枝(zhi),調(tiao)整(zheng)長(chang)勢(shi),使(shi)樹(shu)冠(guan)分(fen)布(bu)均(jun)勻(yun),樹(shu)形(xing)優(you)美(mei),有(you)利(li)於(yu)多(duo)開(kai)花(hua)、多結果。修剪時,剪口要平滑,剪口應在側芽上方1厘米左右為宜。如剪口離側芽太近,往往會傷害芽內的莖葉原始體,芽也易風幹;若(ruo)剪(jian)口(kou)離(li)側(ce)芽(ya)太(tai)遠(yuan),又(you)會(hui)留(liu)下(xia)殘(can)樁(zhuang),影(ying)響(xiang)美(mei)觀(guan)。修(xiu)剪(jian)時(shi)還(hai)應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)頂(ding)部(bu)側(ce)芽(ya)應(ying)留(liu)在(zai)枝(zhi)條(tiao)的(de)外(wai)側(ce),讓(rang)新(xin)生(sheng)枝(zhi)條(tiao)向(xiang)外(wai)生(sheng)長(chang),這(zhe)樣(yang)可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)樹(shu)形(xing)優(you)美(mei)。
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