雪鬆也稱喜馬拉雅鬆或喜馬拉雅杉,為鬆科雪鬆屬常綠喬木,株高達20餘(yu)米(mi)。樹(shu)幹(gan)多(duo)直(zhi)立(li),樹(shu)皮(pi)灰(hui)褐(he)色(se),幼(you)樹(shu)光(guang)滑(hua),老(lao)樹(shu)開(kai)裂(lie)成(cheng)鱗(lin)片(pian)狀(zhuang)剝(bo)落(luo),樹(shu)冠(guan)為(wei)上(shang)小(xiao)下(xia)大(da)的(de)圓(yuan)錐(zhui)形(xing)或(huo)塔(ta)形(xing),枝(zhi)呈(cheng)不(bu)規(gui)則(ze)輪(lun)生(sheng),有(you)長(chang)短(duan)枝(zhi)之(zhi)分(fen),長(chang)枝(zhi)為(wei)生(sheng)長(chang)枝(zhi),平(ping)展(zhan),短(duan)枝(zhi)為(wei)結(jie)果(guo)枝(zhi),略(lve)下(xia)垂(chui)。葉(ye)針(zhen)形(xing),質(zhi)硬(ying),先(xian)端(duan)尖(jian),葉(ye)色(se)有(you)淡(dan)綠(lv)、灰綠、藍lan綠lv或huo銀yin灰hui色se,在zai長chang枝zhi上shang呈cheng螺luo旋xuan狀zhuang互hu生sheng,在zai短duan枝zhi上shang輪lun狀zhuang簇cu生sheng。雌ci雄xiong異yi株zhu或huo同tong株zhu,花hua著zhe生sheng於yu短duan枝zhi頂ding端duan,秋qiu季ji開kai放fang,雌ci花hua授shou粉fen後hou次ci年nian發fa育yu成cheng球qiu果guo,秋qiu季ji成cheng熟shu。
雪鬆按其形態的不同可分為:“翹枝型”,枝條斜向生長,枝頂稍下垂,樹冠狹窄,葉色黃綠,生長較快,“平枝型”,枝條粗壯,平展生長,樹形開張,新生小枝略下垂,葉色濃綠青翠,葉麵氣孔帶較寬,生長速度中等,“垂枝型”,枝條幼時平展,以後向下斜生,小枝全部下垂,生長較慢。此外還有春季葉色為金黃色,入秋呈黃綠色的“金葉雪鬆”,針葉為銀白色或帶有灰藍色的“銀葉雪鬆”。
雪鬆的繁殖有播種、扡插、壓條、嫁接等方法。其中扡插最為常用,春插在2月至3月進行,插穗可選取幼齡實生母樹上的一年生枝條,或多年生植株樹冠上部的枝條,每段長12厘米左右,剪去下部的針葉,插於土壤中,保持濕潤,約2個月可生根。夏插在6月至7yuejinxing,chasuiyixuanqudangnianshengdejianzhuangzhitiao,qitabuzhoutongchuncha。wulunyongnazhongfangfaqiancha,chasuizuihaozainaiyisuandengrongyezhongjinpaoyixia,yiliyushenggen。xuesongdeyizaikezaichunjizhizhumengyaqianjinxing,yingduodaixiutu,yiliyuzhizhuhuifuchangshi。penzai、地di栽zai都dou可ke以yi,栽zai後hou澆jiao透tou水shui,放fang在zai通tong風feng向xiang陽yang處chu養yang護hu,當dang植zhi株zhu長chang到dao一yi定ding高gao度du時shi應ying進jin行xing打da頭tou,以yi控kong製zhi植zhi株zhu高gao度du,並bing使shi樹shu幹gan發fa粗cu,使shi之zhi盡jin快kuai成cheng型xing,打da頭tou後hou的de植zhi株zhu應ying注zhu意yi培pei養yang新xin的de樹shu頂ding,以yi使shi樹shu形xing優you美mei自zi然ran。
雪鬆盆景常見的有直幹式、斜幹式、雙幹式,叢林式等不同形式,但不適合製作懸崖式、臨(lin)水(shui)式(shi)的(de)盆(pen)景(jing)。樹(shu)冠(guan)既(ji)可(ke)像(xiang)其(qi)他(ta)鬆(song)柏(bai)類(lei)盆(pen)景(jing)那(na)樣(yang),蟠(pan)紮(zha)成(cheng)雲(yun)片(pian)狀(zhuang),也(ye)可(ke)利(li)用(yong)其(qi)樹(shu)形(xing)挺(ting)拔(ba),枝(zhi)葉(ye)繁(fan)茂(mao),側(ce)枝(zhi)先(xian)端(duan)略(lve)有(you)下(xia)垂(chui)的(de)特(te)點(dian),加(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)鬱(yu)鬱(yu)蔥(cong)蔥(cong),既(ji)枝(zhi)繁(fan)葉(ye)茂(mao),又(you)有(you)層(ceng)次(ci)變(bian)化(hua)的(de)塔(ta)形(xing)。造(zao)型(xing)方(fang)法(fa)可(ke)在(zai)樹(shu)的(de)幼(you)齡(ling)時(shi),趁(chen)枝(zhi)幹(gan)柔(rou)軟(ruan),根(gen)據(ju)立(li)意(yi),用(yong)金(jin)屬(shu)絲(si)對(dui)其(qi)進(jin)行(xing)蟠(pan)紮(zha),蟠(pan)紮(zha)時(shi)應(ying)在(zai)金(jin)屬(shu)絲(si)或(huo)樹(shu)皮(pi)上(shang)纏(chan)上(shang)布(bu)條(tiao),以(yi)免(mian)樹(shu)皮(pi)受(shou)到(dao)損(sun)傷(shang)。並(bing)輔(fu)以(yi)修(xiu)剪(jian),剪(jian)去(qu)過(guo)長(chang)、過亂的枝條,使盆景和諧美觀。還可根據需要將部分枝幹加工成舍利幹,並適當提根,使其懸根露爪,以增加盆景的滄桑感。
雪鬆喜溫暖濕潤和陽光充足的環境,耐半陰和寒冷,稍耐旱,怕積水。生長期可放在室外光照充足、通風良好處養護,澆水做到“不幹不澆,澆則澆透”,避免盆土積水,天氣幹燥時應向植株及周圍噴水,以增加空氣濕度,使葉色蔥綠美觀,若遇連陰雨注意排水,以免因水大引起爛根。4月至5月和8月至9月每15天tian左zuo右you施shi一yi次ci腐fu熟shu的de稀xi薄bo液ye肥fei。生sheng長chang期qi可ke對dui根gen據ju造zao型xing的de需xu要yao對dui徒tu長chang枝zhi進jin行xing短duan截jie,以yi促cu發fa側ce枝zhi,使shi短duan枝zhi上shang的de簇cu生sheng葉ye濃nong密mi厚hou實shi,樹shu形xing優you美mei。冬dong季ji移yi至zhi冷leng室shi內nei越yue冬dong,節jie製zhi澆jiao水shui,保bao持chi0℃以上不結冰即可。冬季的休眠期對植株進行一次修剪整形,剪除枯枝、重疊枝、jiaochazhi,jiangguochangdezhitiaojianduan,shishuguanchengshangxiaoxiadadetaxing。xiujianshizhuyiduishudingdebaohu,ruodingzhizheduan,kejiangshuganshangbujianzhuangdecezhipeiyangchengxindedingzhi,yishipenjingwanmei。meige2年至3年的春季發芽前翻盆一次,盆土宜用疏鬆肥沃,排水良好的中性或微酸性沙質土壤。
手機版




