兩種病害都為害茶苗,在部分茶區發生嚴重,造成茶苗枯死。
茶苗立枯病 changfashengzaichamiaojingjibu,bingbanchuweianhese,tuoyuanxinghuobuguizexing,yihouchenghuibaise,bingbanshaoxiaao,qishangsanshengxuduoheisedexiaolidian。shouhaichamiaoyepiankuwei,zuihouzhengzhusiwang。gaibingjunweibanzhijunyamennijidianmeishu(Phomopsis theae hara)真(zhen)菌(jun)。病(bing)部(bu)小(xiao)黑(hei)點(dian)為(wei)病(bing)菌(jun)分(fen)生(sheng)孢(bao)子(zi)器(qi),球(qiu)形(xing)或(huo)扁(bian)球(qiu)形(xing)。內(nei)生(sheng)兩(liang)種(zhong)分(fen)生(sheng)孢(bao)子(zi),一(yi)種(zhong)為(wei)紡(fang)錘(chui)形(xing)孢(bao)子(zi),無(wu)色(se)單(dan)胞(bao)。另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)為(wei)絲(si)狀(zhuang)孢(bao)子(zi),稍(shao)彎(wan)曲(qu)呈(cheng)鉤(gou)狀(zhuang),無(wu)色(se)單(dan)胞(bao)。病(bing)菌(jun)以(yi)菌(jun)絲(si)體(ti)或(huo)分(fen)生(sheng)孢(bao)子(zi)器(qi)在(zai)病(bing)組(zu)織(zhi)內(nei)越(yue)冬(dong),次(ci)春(chun)在(zai)適(shi)宜(yi)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)產(chan)生(sheng)分(fen)生(sheng)孢(bao)子(zi)隨(sui)風(feng)雨(yu)傳(chuan)播(bo),進(jin)行(xing)侵(qin)染(ran)為(wei)害(hai)。病(bing)害(hai)在(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)濕(shi)下(xia)有(you)利(li)於(yu)發(fa)生(sheng)發(fa)展(zhan)。該(gai)病(bing)防(fang)治(zhi)以(yi)加(jia)強(qiang)苗(miao)木(mu)檢(jian)查(zha),及(ji)時(shi)拔(ba)除(chu)病(bing)株(zhu)為(wei) 最重要。其次可於發病初期噴0.7%石灰半量式波爾多液,或50%甲基托布津1000倍液。
茶根癌病 以yi扡qian插cha苗miao圃pu中zhong常chang見jian,主zhu側ce根gen均jun可ke受shou害hai。病bing菌jun從cong扡qian插cha苗miao剪jian口kou或huo根gen部bu傷shang口kou侵qin入ru,初chu期qi產chan生sheng淡dan褐he色se球qiu形xing突tu起qi,以yi後hou逐zhu漸jian擴kuo大da呈cheng瘤liu狀zhuang,小xiao的de似si粟su粒li,大da的de象xiang豌wan豆dou,多duo個ge瘤liu常chang相xiang互hu愈yu合he成cheng不bu規gui則ze的de大da瘤liu。瘤liu狀zhuang物wu褐he色se,木mu質zhi化hua而er堅jian硬ying,表biao麵mian粗cu糙cao。茶cha苗miao受shou害hai後hou須xu根gen減jian少shao,地di上shang部bu生sheng長chang不bu良liang或huo枯ku死si。茶cha根gen癌ai病bing菌jun為wei野ye杆gan菌jun屬shu[agrobacterium tumefaciens(S.et T.) Conn.]細菌。菌體短杆狀,具1~3根極生鞭毛。在普通培養基上形成灰白色圓形菌落。發育適溫為25~29℃,致死溫度為51℃(10分鍾)。在ph7.3時發育最好。根癌病菌在土壤或病組織中越冬。次年環境適宜時,借水流、地di下xia昆kun蟲chong及ji農nong具ju傳chuan播bo為wei害hai。病bing菌jun從cong苗miao木mu傷shang口kou或huo切qie口kou處chu侵qin入ru,在zai組zu織zhi內nei生sheng長chang發fa育yu,刺ci激ji細xi胞bao加jia速su分fen裂lie,產chan生sheng癌ai瘤liu。該gai病bing防fang治zhi要yao嚴yan格ge苗miao木mu檢jian查zha,防fang治zhi地di下xia害hai蟲chong,減jian少shao根gen係xi傷shang口kou。苗miao木mu必bi要yao時shi可ke用yong20%石灰水浸根10分鍾消毒後再移栽。
手機版




