1.根
屬(shu)於(yu)須(xu)根(gen)係(xi),有(you)種(zhong)根(gen)和(he)不(bu)定(ding)根(gen)之(zhi)別(bie)。種(zhong)根(gen)又(you)稱(cheng)初(chu)生(sheng)根(gen),隻(zhi)有(you)一(yi)條(tiao),由(you)胚(pei)根(gen)直(zhi)接(jie)發(fa)育(yu)而(er)成(cheng),在(zai)幼(you)苗(miao)期(qi)營(ying)吸(xi)收(shou)作(zuo)用(yong),以(yi)後(hou)枯(ku)死(si)。不(bu)定(ding)根(gen)又(you)稱(cheng)永(yong)久(jiu)根(gen),由(you)莖(jing)基(ji)部(bu)的(de)莖(jing)節(jie)上(shang)生(sheng)出(chu),其(qi)上(shang)再(zai)發(fa)生(sheng)支(zhi)根(gen)。陸(lu)稻(dao)、早zao播bo稻dao濕shi潤run管guan理li時shi,嫩nen根gen伸shen長chang區qu之zhi上shang表biao皮pi細xi胞bao外wai壁bi延yan伸shen出chu多duo量liang根gen毛mao,但dan在zai水shui層ceng中zhong生sheng長chang的de水shui稻dao不bu長chang根gen毛mao或huo根gen毛mao極ji少shao。根gen的de頂ding端duan有you生sheng長chang點dian,外wai有you帽mao狀zhuang根gen冠guan保bao護hu。根gen的de數shu量liang、長度、分布、伸展角度等因環境條件而變化。根的橫剖麵由中柱、皮(pi)層(ceng)和(he)表(biao)皮(pi)等(deng)三(san)部(bu)分(fen)構(gou)成(cheng),中(zhong)柱(zhu)內(nei)有(you)木(mu)質(zhi)部(bu)的(de)大(da)導(dao)管(guan)十(shi)餘(yu)個(ge)成(cheng)輻(fu)射(she)狀(zhuang)排(pai)列(lie),韌(ren)皮(pi)部(bu)與(yu)後(hou)生(sheng)木(mu)質(zhi)部(bu)相(xiang)間(jian)排(pai)列(lie)。皮(pi)層(ceng)細(xi)胞(bao)間(jian)隙(xi)擴(kuo)大(da)呈(cheng)空(kong)洞(dong),形(xing)成(cheng)裂(lie)生(sheng)通(tong)氣(qi)組(zu)織(zhi),以(yi)進(jin)行(xing)氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)輸(shu)送(song)。
2.莖
一般呈圓筒形,中空,莖上有節。葉著生在節上,上下兩節之間稱節間。莖基部有7~13個節間不伸長,稱為蘖節;莖的上部有4~7個明顯、shenchangdejiejian,xingchengjinggan。yibanshengyuqichangdepinzhongjingjieshuheshenchangjiejianshujiaoduo,shengyuqiduandepinzhongjiaoshao。jiebiaomianlongqi,neibuchongshi,waicengshibiaopi,xibaobihenhou,jiezuzhizhongdehoubixibaochongmanyuanshengzhi,shenghuoliwangsheng,biqitabufenhanyoujiaoduodetangfen、澱粉等。節的髓部與其上下節中心腔分界處具有肥厚細胞壁的石細胞層,稱橫隔壁,將兩個中心腔隔開。葉、分蘖及根的輸導組織都在莖內彙合,因此節內維管束的配置比較複雜。節間的橫剖麵可分為表皮、下皮、薄壁組織、維wei管guan束shu和he機ji械xie組zu織zhi各ge部bu分fen。內nei部bu有you中zhong心xin腔qiang,外wai部bu有you縱zong溝gou,每mei個ge節jie間jian下xia部bu幼you嫩nen部bu分fen有you分fen生sheng組zu織zhi,稱cheng居ju間jian分fen生sheng組zu織zhi,由you葉ye鞘qiao保bao護hu。莖jing節jie是shi稻dao株zhu體ti內nei輸shu氣qi係xi統tong的de樞shu紐niu,各ge方fang麵mian的de通tong氣qi組zu織zhi在zai此ci相xiang互hu聯lian通tong,節jie部bu通tong氣qi組zu織zhi還hai與yu根gen的de皮pi層ceng細xi胞bao相xiang連lian,所suo以yi這zhe種zhong從cong葉ye片pian到dao根gen係xi間jian以yi莖jing節jie部bu通tong氣qi組zu織zhi為wei樞shu紐niu的de完wan善shan的de輸shu氣qi係xi統tong是shi旱han生sheng禾he穀gu類lei作zuo物wu所suo沒mei有you的de。
3.葉
互生於莖的兩側,為1/2葉序。主莖葉數與莖節數一致,其數目多少與品種、生育期有直接關係。早熟品種約有9~13片葉;中熟品種約有14~16片葉;晚熟品種的葉數在16片以上。稻葉可分為葉鞘和葉片兩部分,在其交界處有葉枕、yeerheyeshe。fayashizuixianchuxiandeweiyaqiao,qicizaijingjishangchangchuyipianbuwanquanye,meiyouyepian,chengtongzhuang,yixiashuncichangchuyouyeqiaoheyepiandewanquanye。yeqiaofenbiaopi、薄壁組織、維管束和機械組織等部分。整個葉鞘卷抱在莖的周圍,在鞘的兩緣重合部分為膜狀,鞘呈綠色或紅、zise,yenengyingguanghezuoyong。yesheweimozhuang,wuse。yeerjiaoxiaoyoujiaofeihoudebobixibaozucheng,bianyuanyourongmao,zaiyeqiaoshangduanhuanbaojinggan,yezhenyuyepianzhumailianjiechengsanjiaoxing。yepianshangyoupingxingdeyemai,poumianfenbiaopi、薄壁組織、機械組織和大小維管束等部分,表皮有表皮細胞、茸毛、qikonghepaozhuangxibao。qikongpailiezhengqi,jingganshangbudeyeqikongjiaoduo,tongyiyezhongyiyixianduanjiaoduo,biaomianbibeimianduo。yerouxibaozhonghanhenduoyelvti,guanghezuoyongzaiyelvtineijinxing。yepiandechangduan、大小、彎直和葉色濃淡,都因品種類型、環境條件和栽培措施而不同.
4.穗
為複總狀花序,由穗軸(主梗)、一次枝梗、二次枝梗(間或有三次枝梗)、小穗梗和小穗組成。穗軸上一般有8~15個穗節,穗頸節為最下1個穗節。每個穗節上著生1個枝梗。每個枝梗上著生若幹個小穗梗,小穗梗末端著生1個小穗,即穎花。小穗基部有兩個穎片,退化呈兩個小突起,稱副護穎。每個小穗有3朵小花,隻有上部1朵小花發育正常,下部兩朵小花退化,各剩1個穎片,稱為護穎。水稻穎花包括內外穎各1個,雄蕊6枚,漿片2枚和雌蕊1枚。雄蕊有花絲和花藥兩部分,雌蕊由二裂的帚狀柱頭、花柱和子房組成。
5.穀粒和米粒
穎花受精結實成穀粒。穀粒一般內部含l粒糙米,即穎果。複粒品種含2~3lishenzhigengduo。caomiwaibuyouneiwaiyingbaobeideguke,qibianyuanhuxianggouhe,gouhedefengxianzaibianxingdaolidezhongjianerbuzailiangbian,ciweidaoshudefenleitezheng。yingseyinpinzhongeryi,yibanweiganhuangse,yeyouhuang、棕、褐、紅、紫、條斑等色,穎的頂端為穎尖,有稈黃、黃、褐、淡黑褐、紫黑褐等色,為品種重要特征。穎的表麵有鉤狀或針狀茸毛。米粒與穀粒形狀近似,有橢圓形、闊卵形、短圓形、直背形、新月形等。米色有白、乳白、紅、紫等色。米粒構造分果皮、種皮、糊粉層、胚pei乳ru和he胚pei等deng部bu分fen。米mi的de色se素su在zai種zhong皮pi內nei。胚pei乳ru在zai種zhong皮pi之zhi內nei,占zhan米mi粒li最zui大da部bu分fen,由you含han澱dian粉fen的de細xi胞bao組zu織zhi構gou成cheng。胚pei由you卵luan細xi胞bao的de卵luan核he同tong精jing於yu受shou精jing後hou發fa育yu而er成cheng,為wei新xin的de有you機ji體ti的de原yuan始shi體ti,由you胚pei軸zhou、盾片、胚芽、胚芽鞘、胚根等組成。
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