防凍 yuedongmaitiantianjianguanliyaojianchiyindizhiyi,fenleizhidao,tebieyaogaohaofangdonggongzuo,zengqiangxiaomaikangxing,weilainianfengchandahaojichu。yishiduizhengtianzhiliangcha,tiankuaidadediaogenmiao,keshiyongtuzafeijinxingpeitu,yiqidaofangdongbaomiaodezuoyong。二是澆好封凍水,對播種偏晚,苗情偏差的麥田要及時中耕鬆土,破除板結,提高地溫,促弱轉壯。
防旱 qiujiqihouganzao,yibanyuedongmaitianhanqingdoujiaozhong,dabufenmaitianqueshang。yinci,zaiqiwenhuisheng,yedongrixiaoshi,yaojishijiaoshui,cujindixiabugenxishengchang,pangenbaonie。
防旺長 一yi是shi播bo種zhong過guo早zao形xing成cheng的de旺wang苗miao往wang往wang前qian旺wang後hou弱ruo,冬dong季ji遇yu持chi續xu低di溫wen會hui被bei凍dong傷shang,應ying選xuan在zai晴qing天tian的de早zao晨chen對dui其qi進jin行xing鎮zhen壓ya,以yi抑yi製zhi麥mai苗miao主zhu莖jing和he大da蘖nie生sheng長chang,控kong製zhi徒tu長chang,有you霜shuang凍dong或huo露lu水shui未wei幹gan時shi不bu能neng鎮zhen壓ya,以yi免mian傷shang苗miao。鎮zhen壓ya後hou要yao及ji時shi劃hua鋤chu、澆冬水,同時每畝施碳酸氫銨15公斤。必要時噴施1次0.2%~0.3%的(de)矮(ai)壯(zhuang)素(su)溶(rong)液(ye),以(yi)抑(yi)製(zhi)旺(wang)長(chang),防(fang)禦(yu)凍(dong)害(hai)。二(er)是(shi)播(bo)量(liang)過(guo)大(da)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)旺(wang)苗(miao)幼(you)苗(miao)生(sheng)長(chang)擁(yong)擠(ji),個(ge)體(ti)發(fa)育(yu)差(cha),分(fen)蘖(nie)少(shao),應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)疏(shu)苗(miao),補(bu)肥(fei)補(bu)水(shui)。疏(shu)苗(miao)可(ke)以(yi)建(jian)立(li)適(shi)宜(yi)的(de)群(qun)體(ti)結(jie)構(gou),促(cu)進(jin)個(ge)體(ti)發(fa)育(yu)。疏(shu)苗(miao)結(jie)合(he)澆(jiao)水(shui)補(bu)充(chong)適(shi)量(liang)速(su)效(xiao)氮(dan)肥(fei)和(he)磷(lin)肥(fei)。三(san)是(shi)肥(fei)水(shui)過(guo)量(liang)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)旺(wang)苗(miao)麥(mai)苗(miao)分(fen)蘖(nie)多(duo),葉(ye)片(pian)寬(kuan)大(da),田(tian)間(jian)鬱(yu)閉(bi)嚴(yan)重(zhong)。應(ying)深(shen)鋤(chu)斷(duan)根(gen),在(zai)麥(mai)田(tian)行(xing)間(jian)深(shen)鋤(chu)5~7limi,qieduanbufencishenggen,kongzhiyangfenxishou,yizhifenniefasheng,peiyuzhuangmiao。sishipinzhongxuanyongbudangxingchengdewangmiaochunxingjiruochunxingxiaomaipinzhongbozhongguozaohuidaozhidongqianwangchang,yizaoshoudonghai,yingyongtu、蓋糞。在劃鋤鎮壓的基礎上,冬前培土壅根,蓋施有機肥,以保護麥苗安全越冬。
防病害 一般情況下小麥播種後15天左右,麥苗就基本長齊了,應及時對麥田病蟲害發生情況進行調查,小麥出苗後20天後,鏽病、紋枯病及全蝕病均有可能感染,當發病率達到10%時可噴藥防治。具體為:防治鏽病,每畝用12.5%禾果利可濕性粉劑15~20克或15%三唑酮可濕性粉劑75克對水50公斤進行噴霧,兼防全蝕病。防治紋枯病,每畝可用20%粉鏽寧可濕性粉劑75克或20%井岡黴素40克對水50公斤順壟噴施,效果很好。
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