今年春節期間雖然油豆價格很好,但由於春節期間管理疏忽,導致結莢跟不上,影響經濟效益”。不少種油豆的菜農這樣說。對此,筆者建議從以下幾點入手,促進油豆二次結莢。
溫度管理 油豆開花前和結莢後需要不同的溫度,多數菜農對這一點不清楚。油豆開花授粉最適宜的溫度為24℃左右,幼莢生長所需的溫度為28℃左右。在盛花期一定要注意控製溫度,否則會使花芽分化不良、花粉敗育或授粉不良,落花多,結莢少。結莢後可以適當提高棚溫,白天控製在25~30℃,以利於豆莢生長發育,夜間控製在13~16℃,避免徒長。
二次盤蔓 油豆蔓長1.2mi,meiyoukaihuazhiqian,jiangzhizhudingbuxiangxiapanman,baochishengchangdianxiangshang,zheyangzuokeyiyizhidingduanyoushi,cujincezhimengfa,zengjiazhizhukaihuajiejialiang。panmanbunengguowan,yimianyoudoudingduanyoushishiqu,yepianzhizaodeguanghechanwuyouxiangongyingyoujiashengchang,bunengcujincezhidaliangmengfa,chanliangdi。
dangzhizhuyugangsidenggaoshidiercipanman,cishicezhimengfajiaoduo,bingqiejinrudaliangkaihuajiejiaqi,zhizhudingduanyoushisuiranshoudaoyizhi,danrenghuizaigangsishangbuxingchengyubidezhiye,yingxiangjiaguojianguang。cishijiangshengchangdianxiangxiapanman,shiqijiangdidaogangsidingduanyixia10~15厘li米mi,當dang植zhi株zhu長chang到dao與yu鋼gang絲si差cha不bu多duo高gao時shi,生sheng長chang點dian會hui因yin營ying養yang大da量liang供gong應ying給gei莢jia果guo而er停ting止zhi生sheng長chang。這zhe樣yang植zhi株zhu就jiu會hui被bei整zheng成cheng柱zhu狀zhuang,從cong而er增zeng強qiang其qi開kai花hua結jie莢jia能neng力li,單dan株zhu結jie莢jia數shu可ke以yi達da到dao40個左右。
合理補肥 油you豆dou在zai生sheng長chang過guo程cheng中zhong對dui土tu壤rang中zhong的de氮dan磷lin鉀jia消xiao耗hao較jiao大da,到dao二er次ci結jie莢jia時shi容rong易yi出chu現xian脫tuo肥fei現xian象xiang,應ying及ji時shi補bu肥fei。因yin為wei油you豆dou根gen部bu有you固gu氮dan菌jun,能neng夠gou將jiang空kong氣qi中zhong的de氮dan固gu定ding並bing利li用yong,補bu肥fei時shi可ke以yi適shi當dang減jian少shao氮dan肥fei用yong量liang,增zeng加jia磷lin鉀jia肥fei用yong量liang,遵zun循xun少shao量liang多duo次ci的de施shi肥fei原yuan則ze。
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