小麥:小麥種子喜陰不喜陽,因此在伏天儲藏時應放在背陰通風處。其變化規律是先出汗然後長白斑,最後變為黑色而不能做種子使用。
儲藏技術。小麥種子比較容易儲藏,但越夏儲藏的小麥應加強檢查。小麥吸濕性強、籽粒皮薄、組織疏鬆,一般紅皮、硬質小麥比白皮、軟質小麥的吸濕性差。因此,安全含水量在12%以(yi)下(xia)的(de)麥(mai)種(zhong)可(ke)較(jiao)長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)保(bao)持(chi)種(zhong)子(zi)生(sheng)活(huo)力(li)。小(xiao)麥(mai)種(zhong)子(zi)可(ke)散(san)儲(chu)和(he)袋(dai)儲(chu)。散(san)儲(chu)時(shi)采(cai)用(yong)低(di)溫(wen)密(mi)閉(bi)壓(ya)蓋(gai)儲(chu)藏(zang),袋(dai)儲(chu)時(shi)將(jiang)種(zhong)子(zi)含(han)水(shui)量(liang)降(jiang)到(dao)安(an)全(quan)含(han)水(shui)量(liang)以(yi)下(xia),夏(xia)天(tian)或(huo)秋(qiu)天(tian)入(ru)倉(cang)前(qian)要(yao)過(guo)一(yi)次(ci)篩(shai),立(li)秋(qiu)後(hou)倒(dao)倉(cang)一(yi)次(ci),確(que)保(bao)種(zhong)子(zi)質(zhi)量(liang)。
玉米:玉米是大粒大胚種子,易發熱,胚占體積的30%以上,占粒重的10%~12%,因(yin)種(zhong)胚(pei)大(da)種(zhong)子(zi)的(de)呼(hu)吸(xi)旺(wang)盛(sheng),所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)水(shui)分(fen)和(he)溫(wen)度(du)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),比(bi)其(qi)他(ta)禾(he)穀(gu)類(lei)種(zhong)子(zi)的(de)呼(hu)吸(xi)強(qiang)度(du)大(da),因(yin)易(yi)發(fa)熱(re)導(dao)致(zhi)種(zhong)子(zi)變(bian)質(zhi)。此(ci)外(wai),玉(yu)米(mi)種(zhong)子(zi)胚(pei)部(bu)還(hai)含(han)有(you)較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)可(ke)溶(rong)性(xing)糖(tang),種(zhong)皮(pi)又(you)薄(bo),因(yin)此(ci)易(yi)生(sheng)黴(mei)造(zao)成(cheng)種(zhong)子(zi)變(bian)質(zhi)。
qibianhuaguilvshidiyibuyumizhongzixishihouzhonglipengzhang,sezefaliang,peibuxingchengshuipao,danyibanbuyikanchu。dierbufanchaochuhan,peibuguahuijunsi,youtuxing。disanbujikexiudaojiujingqiwei,ruqihoubuzhengchang,jingsansitianhoujikefare,peibubianchengqianhuangse,guazaipeishangdehuijunsichenglvse,yiyingxiangzhongyongjiazhi,rubujishichuli,zaijingsansitianpeibujibianchenglvsehuoheise,yizhizhenggezhonglibianchengheiseshiqushiyongjiazhi。
chuzangjishu。genjuyumizhongzidexingzhijibianhuaguilv,qichuzangfangfatongchangcaiyongsuichufahelichufa。dansuichufazhantijijiaoda,cangrongliyonglvdi,yinerqiyuexiachuzangchangcaiyonglichufa,yibanqiwenzai15℃~25℃時,水分需在14%以下。據試驗,玉米種含水量降低到12.5%,儲藏0.5~1.5年種子的活力可達99%以上,發芽率達97%~98%。而降低種子水分的最有效措施是通風。
定期檢查,做到三溫兩濕,使種子處於良好狀態。三溫即氣溫、倉溫、種溫,一般情況下影響種溫變化的主要因素是倉溫,而影響倉溫變化的又是氣溫。當氣溫低、種(zhong)溫(wen)高(gao)時(shi)可(ke)在(zai)清(qing)晨(chen)開(kai)動(dong)排(pai)風(feng)扇(shan),使(shi)倉(cang)內(nei)形(xing)成(cheng)負(fu)壓(ya),冷(leng)空(kong)氣(qi)從(cong)通(tong)風(feng)口(kou)進(jin)入(ru)種(zhong)子(zi)堆(dui),使(shi)種(zhong)子(zi)降(jiang)溫(wen),同(tong)時(shi)還(hai)能(neng)階(jie)低(di)種(zhong)子(zi)含(han)水(shui)量(liang)。兩(liang)濕(shi)即(ji)氣(qi)濕(shi)和(he)倉(cang)濕(shi)。倉(cang)內(nei)濕(shi)度(du)的(de)高(gao)低(di)與(yu)種(zhong)子(zi)含(han)水(shui)量(liang)有(you)密(mi)切(qie)關(guan)係(xi),在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),種(zhong)子(zi)的(de)吸(xi)濕(shi)與(yu)散(san)濕(shi)取(qu)決(jue)於(yu)倉(cang)內(nei)相(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)度(du)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)。而(er)倉(cang)濕(shi)又(you)受(shou)氣(qi)濕(shi)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。所(suo)以(yi),根(gen)據(ju)三(san)溫(wen)兩(liang)濕(shi)的(de)變(bian)化(hua)規(gui)律(lv),合(he)理(li)地(di)通(tong)風(feng)或(huo)密(mi)閉(bi)倉(cang)庫(ku),保(bao)持(chi)較(jiao)低(di)的(de)溫(wen)濕(shi)狀(zhuang)態(tai),使(shi)種(zhong)子(zi)處(chu)於(yu)低(di)溫(wen)、幹燥環境下可延長種子壽命。
防蟲、防鼠。防蟲治蟲是種子越夏儲藏的大難題。危害種子的倉蟲主要有米象、大穀盜、小穀盜、麥蛾及粉斑螟等,多數倉蟲喜歡在溫暖、chaoshidedifangshengchangfanzhi,yincikeyitongguojiangdicangneiwenshidulaikongzhicangchongdefasheng。duoshucangchongyouxihuanzaidingbubiaocenghuodongdexixing,genjuzheyitedian,kezaizhongzibiaocengshedianjianzha。dangzhongziganrancangchonghou,yinggenjucangchongdezhongleiheweihaichengduyongxunzhengfazhichong,yekeyiyongdueryousha,jibachaoshudemaifupenshang5%的敵敵畏或10%的敵百蟲後曬幹,放在倉蟲經常活動的種子表層及四周,可有效地殺死害蟲。另外,在種子入庫前用磷化鋁熏蒸,用量為1.5克/平方米,熏後密封36~72小時,然後通風散毒,也可起預防蟲害的作用。防鼠,可在老鼠經常活動的地方放上鼠藥,確保種子不受損害。
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