dongguachanlianggao,woguozaipeijiguang,meinianqiushougaofengshiqi,wangwangjiagemengdie。zhuzangbaoxianshibaozhengdongguachangqigongying,tiaojieshichangyingquedezhongyaoshouduan。tongguodongguadezhuzang,jikeyanchangdongguaxiaoshougongyingqi,danjishangshibaozhizengzhi。zhuzangdefangfaduoyang,qizhongjiaozangshibijiaojianbianyixing、貯藏時間較長的一種。
一、適貯的條件。冬瓜喜溫耐熱,屬冷敏性蔬菜,貯藏適宜條件:溫度為10-15℃,相對濕度為70-75%,且通風良好。冬瓜存放在10-15℃左右,可保存數月;冬瓜不耐低溫貯藏,低於10℃往往會發生冷害。但貯存溫度過高,則呼吸速率加快,組織很快鬆軟,病原菌繁殖迅速,貯存期不長。
二、貯瓜的準備。冬瓜含水量較高,嫩瓜及過分成熟的瓜都不宜貯藏,所以貯藏的冬瓜要求九成熟,皮厚,肉厚,質地致密、品質較好,表麵青皮發亮,布滿蠟質的品種。貯藏的瓜不能遭霜打,在生長期間應在瓜下墊磚或吊空,並防止日光曝曬,采收前1周不準灌水。冬瓜在入庫之前要嚴防雨淋。采收時要留3-5厘li米mi的de瓜gua秧yang。選xuan擇ze天tian氣qi涼liang爽shuang時shi早zao晨chen用yong剪jian刀dao剪jian摘zhai。為wei防fang止zhi瓜gua與yu瓜gua碰peng撞zhuang產chan生sheng機ji械xie傷shang害hai,造zao成cheng微wei生sheng物wu侵qin染ran,用yong報bao紙zhi包bao冬dong瓜gua。搬ban運yun過guo程cheng中zhong應ying輕qing拿na輕qing放fang,嚴yan防fang擦ca傷shang、碰傷,特別注意應嚴防拋落、滾動現象,以免造成冬瓜內部損傷,給入庫貯藏造成較大隱患。
三、貯窯的準備。貯藏窯庫建造多以半地下方式,即建造窯室高約3.6米,地表上下麵各建造1.8米,四周設有窯庫窗,前後左右對開,以便於通風、換氣。貯藏窯的大小根據所貯冬瓜的數量決定。這種結構的建造,具有恒溫性高、涼爽、通風簡便、幹濕度易控製的優良特點。在準備進行冬瓜入庫前2-3天應全麵進行庫內消毒滅菌處理,方法是:以高錳酸鉀煙霧熏蒸窯庫密閉處理以後,並把庫溫降至13℃。再將需要貯藏的冬瓜入庫。
四、冬瓜的擺放。選擇已經過嚴格挑選的大小一致、整齊、wuposundechengshudongguayukuneiduizhuhuojiazhu,zuihaoshiyongjiazang,dancengbaifang。jiazhudongguayintongfengjiaohao,xiangyingbiduizhudeyaohao,danjiazhudongguayeyingzaizhucunjiashangxiandianpugancaodengrouruantongfengcailiao,ranhouzaijiangdongguabaishangqu。caiquduifangshi,duizhudedongguayingxianzaikudidianshanggancaohuocaolian,ranhouzaishangmianbaifangdonggua,yibanbuchaoguo3ceng,yimianyashangsunhuai,duifangshiyaoliuchutongdao,yibianjianzha。zaibaifangguochengzhong,zhuzhangdongguadilizenmechang,jiaolizenmefang,jigenjudongguazaitianjianshengchangshidezhuangtaijinxingxiangtongdezhuangtaibaifang,qiebukecuozhi,yinweiguarangyishiyingqizhonglizuoyongfangxiang,zhuzangshibaochiyuanyoudezhonglifangxiang,guarangbuyichanshenglieshang,zhuzangshijianbiankeyigengchangyixie。
五、貯藏的管理。冬瓜入貯24小時以後,待瓜溫降至13℃左右時,用蔬菜保鮮煙霧劑熏蒸處理,用量為5克/立方米。保鮮劑處理後,要將庫溫定至13-15℃。相對濕度70%zuoyou。weifangzhizhuzangkuguoduchaoshi,yaozaidimiansayicengshihuifen。dongguagangrukushi,yingzhuyijiaqiangtongfeng,jiyouliyusanrejiangwen,youkepaichuchaoqi,jiangdihuanjingshidu,baochikuneiganzaozhuangtai。zhiyaokuwaiwendubuchaoguo15℃,就要連續不斷地通風,若外界氣溫高,每天隻在清晨和傍晚與外界通風。當氣溫低於10℃時要注意保溫,絕不能使庫溫低於10℃。貯藏2個月後,要進行第2次保鮮劑(果蔬煙霧劑)處理,用量仍然是5克/立方米,這樣可大大增強防腐保鮮效果。
六、tichubinggua。zhuzangqijianyaozhuyizhajiao,suishijiangsongruanfameifulandedongguajianchudijiao,fangzhibingjunchuanbo。tongshijiangbingdongguazhouweidedongguajianchudanducunfang,bingzuohaoxiaoduchuli。dongguazhuzangqi,zhiyaonengzhangwohaowen、濕度環境條件,一般均可貯藏3-4個月或更長時間。
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