蔬菜定植前,基施糞肥是一項必不可少的措施。菜農常使用的糞肥有雞糞、豬糞、稻殼糞和秸稈肥等。拿雞糞來說,又有黏雞糞、沙子雞糞、daokejifenheganjifen。biekandoushijifen,qishiyongxiaoguoqueqianchawanbie。yinci,genjuzijiapengdideshijiqingkuangxuanzeyizhongheshidejifenfeichangzhongyao。raner,tongchangcainongzaixuanzeshiyongzhexiefenfeishi,quedadougenjuzijidexihaohexiguan,henshaoyourenqukaolvshenmeyangdefenfeicaizuishihezijiadepengdi。name,fenfeidexuanzeshiyongzhongyoushenmedaodaone?jizherenwei,zuizhongyaodeyidianshiyinggenjuzijiapengdidetuzhiquxuanzeheshidefenfeileixing。jibenshangyingzhuyiyixiajidian:
一、沙質棚地應選用黏雞糞或黏豬糞。這種雞糞和豬糞又稱為純雞糞和純豬糞,裏麵不含沙土、稻dao殼ke等deng雜za質zhi,純chun度du較jiao高gao,養yang分fen含han量liang也ye高gao。其qi中zhong最zui重zhong要yao的de是shi有you機ji質zhi含han量liang高gao,因yin為wei這zhe種zhong糞fen比bi較jiao黏nian重zhong,對dui漏lou肥fei漏lou水shui的de沙sha土tu地di有you良liang好hao的de改gai良liang作zuo用yong。所suo以yi,記ji者zhe建jian議yi沙sha質zhi棚peng地di應ying選xuan用yong黏nian雞ji糞fen或huo黏nian豬zhu糞fen,不bu同tong作zuo物wu需xu肥fei量liang不bu同tong,一yi般ban每mei畝mu棚peng地di以yi施shi入ru15—20方為宜。
二、黏nian土tu地di應ying施shi用yong沙sha子zi雞ji糞fen或huo沙sha子zi豬zhu糞fen。大da家jia都dou知zhi道dao,黏nian土tu地di很hen不bu好hao耕geng作zuo,土tu壤rang的de透tou氣qi性xing也ye不bu好hao。因yin此ci,這zhe種zhong棚peng地di在zai施shi用yong糞fen肥fei時shi最zui好hao選xuan用yong沙sha子zi雞ji糞fen或huo沙sha子zi豬zhu糞fen,這zhe種zhong糞fen是shi養yang殖zhi戶hu在zai養yang殖zhi的de過guo程cheng中zhong用yong沙sha子zi墊dian圈quan而er形xing成cheng的de,含han沙sha量liang很hen高gao。施shi入ru黏nian土tu地di後hou對dui其qi有you很hen好hao的de改gai良liang作zuo用yong。因yin這zhe種zhong雞ji糞fen或huo豬zhu糞fen因yin含han沙sha量liang較jiao高gao,肥fei效xiao較jiao低di,一yi般ban每mei畝mu以yi施shi入ru30方左右為宜。
三、土壤板結、鹽漬化程度高、透氣性不良的土壤宜選用稻殼糞或秸稈肥。尤其是像一些種植多年的老棚,土壤嚴重板結、鹽(yan)漬(zi)化(hua)程(cheng)度(du)高(gao),地(di)表(biao)麵(mian)大(da)量(liang)起(qi)紅(hong)霜(shuang),像(xiang)這(zhe)種(zhong)土(tu)壤(rang),蔬(shu)菜(cai)定(ding)植(zhi)後(hou)很(hen)難(nan)長(chang)好(hao),根(gen)係(xi)常(chang)因(yin)透(tou)氣(qi)性(xing)不(bu)良(liang)導(dao)致(zhi)病(bing)害(hai)多(duo)發(fa),死(si)棵(ke)不(bu)斷(duan)。因(yin)此(ci),這(zhe)類(lei)土(tu)壤(rang),最(zui)好(hao)使(shi)用(yong)稻(dao)殼(ke)糞(fen)或(huo)秸(jie)稈(gan)肥(fei),因(yin)為(wei)這(zhe)種(zhong)糞(fen)肥(fei)含(han)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)較(jiao)高(gao)、使用後不僅能保證蔬菜所需營養豐富,而且還能達到理想的改良土壤效果。一般情況下,這種糞肥每畝施入40方左右較為適宜。
綜上所述,施糞肥的目的不能隻考慮供養,還要考慮改土,兩者兼顧,才能達到理想的效果。
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