近年來,建造沼氣池的菜農越來越多,使用效果也很好:不僅大量的秸稈、垃(la)圾(ji)問(wen)題(ti)解(jie)決(jue)了(le),還(hai)增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei),降(jiang)低(di)了(le)成(cheng)本(ben),提(ti)高(gao)了(le)蔬(shu)菜(cai)的(de)品(pin)質(zhi)。但(dan)記(ji)者(zhe)在(zai)采(cai)訪(fang)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)卻(que)發(fa)現(xian),懂(dong)得(de)如(ru)何(he)養(yang)護(hu)沼(zhao)氣(qi)池(chi)的(de)菜(cai)農(nong)寥(liao)寥(liao)無(wu)幾(ji),雖(sui)然(ran)沼(zhao)氣(qi)池(chi)在(zai)建(jian)造(zao)之(zhi)初(chu),施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位(wei)承(cheng)諾(nuo)使(shi)用(yong)年(nian)限(xian)可(ke)超(chao)過(guo)30nian,danshiruguocainongbuzhuyipingrideyanghu,zhaoqichideshoumingjiangdadazhekou。jinqi,jizhecaifanglezhaoqichijianzaodezhuanyejishuyuanmoujinliangshifu,qingtagendajiatanyitanzhaoqichiderichangyanghu。
一、夏季沼氣池的養護
首(shou)先(xian),防(fang)止(zhi)空(kong)池(chi),做(zuo)好(hao)池(chi)壁(bi)的(de)保(bao)潮(chao)養(yang)護(hu)。目(mu)前(qian)建(jian)造(zao)的(de)沼(zhao)氣(qi)池(chi)一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)澆(jiao)築(zhu),而(er)水(shui)泥(ni)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)多(duo)孔(kong)性(xing)的(de)建(jian)築(zhu)材(cai)料(liao),如(ru)果(guo)沼(zhao)氣(qi)池(chi)在(zai)夏(xia)季(ji)空(kong)池(chi),遭(zao)遇(yu)高(gao)溫(wen)幹(gan)燥(zao)的(de)環(huan)境(jing),很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)使(shi)水(shui)泥(ni)毛(mao)細(xi)孔(kong)開(kai)放(fang),破(po)壞(huai)掉(diao)池(chi)壁(bi)結(jie)構(gou)。因(yin)此(ci),夏(xia)季(ji)沼(zhao)氣(qi)池(chi)要(yao)杜(du)絕(jue)空(kong)池(chi),即(ji)使(shi)菜(cai)農(nong)夏(xia)季(ji)歇(xie)棚(peng),沼(zhao)氣(qi)池(chi)停(ting)用(yong)時(shi),也(ye)需(xu)在(zai)沼(zhao)氣(qi)池(chi)內(nei)注(zhu)滿(man)水(shui),起(qi)到(dao)保(bao)護(hu)池(chi)壁(bi)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。
qici,jinchuliaokoubunengbeiyushuiguanman。xiajiyushuijiaoduo,yaozuohaojinchuliaokoudefangyugongzuo,shouguangdengdizhaoqichiduoshujianzaozaipengshiwaimian,jiazhijinliaokouhechuliaokoumifengxingbushihenhao,yidanjinruchineideyushuiguoduo,huijianhuanzhaoqidechanshengsulv,yingxiangdaozhaoqichidezhengchangshiyong。lingwai,xiajiwendugao,fajiaosudukuai,zhaoqichanshengliangda,yaozhuyiyalibiao,jishipaiqi。
二、秋季換料前的養護
秋(qiu)季(ji)沼(zhao)氣(qi)池(chi)在(zai)換(huan)料(liao)之(zhi)前(qian),如(ru)果(guo)是(shi)使(shi)用(yong)多(duo)年(nian)的(de)沼(zhao)氣(qi)池(chi),要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)池(chi)體(ti)檢(jian)修(xiu),如(ru)果(guo)池(chi)壁(bi)塗(tu)刷(shua)的(de)密(mi)封(feng)塗(tu)料(liao)出(chu)現(xian)脫(tuo)落(luo),需(xu)再(zai)塗(tu)刷(shua)一(yi)層(ceng)密(mi)封(feng)塗(tu)料(liao),一(yi)來(lai)可(ke)以(yi)提(ti)高(gao)密(mi)封(feng)性(xing)能(neng),二(er)來(lai)可(ke)以(yi)防(fang)止(zhi)沼(zhao)液(ye)腐(fu)蝕(shi)池(chi)壁(bi)。操(cao)作(zuo)時(shi)一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)打(da)開(kai)活(huo)動(dong)蓋(gai),拔(ba)掉(diao)輸(shu)氣(qi)管(guan),使(shi)進(jin)料(liao)口(kou)、出料口、導dao氣qi管guan口kou通tong風feng,或huo用yong鼓gu風feng機ji向xiang池chi內nei吹chui風feng,更geng換huan池chi內nei空kong氣qi。操cao作zuo人ren員yuan下xia池chi之zhi前qian可ke用yong小xiao動dong物wu或huo點dian燃ran的de蠟la燭zhu試shi驗yan,確que保bao安an全quan之zhi後hou再zai下xia池chi檢jian修xiu。下xia池chi人ren員yuan要yao係xi上shang安an全quan繩sheng,池chi外wai留liu專zhuan人ren看kan護hu。
換料時至少要換掉原來沼液的70%—80%,liuqushaoliangyongzuojunzhong,ranhouzhongxinjinliao。xuyaochedigenghuanxinliaodezhaoqichi,zuihaoxuanyongchunjingniufenzuoweiqidongjunzhong,jinliaoshixuyaozhuyi,qiejijiangzhizhulaomanzibujingfensuichulizhijietouruzhaoqichi,liruhuanggua、茄子等,容易發酵不徹底,堵塞在出料口,影響到沼氣池的使用。此外,大蔥、大蒜、韭菜等辛辣蔬菜的老梗也不能投入沼氣池。
除(chu)去(qu)池(chi)體(ti)的(de)日(ri)常(chang)養(yang)護(hu),沼(zhao)氣(qi)池(chi)的(de)配(pei)套(tao)設(she)施(shi)也(ye)需(xu)要(yao)定(ding)期(qi)檢(jian)修(xiu)。輸(shu)氣(qi)管(guan)道(dao)以(yi)及(ji)各(ge)接(jie)頭(tou)處(chu)要(yao)定(ding)期(qi)檢(jian)修(xiu),防(fang)止(zhi)漏(lou)氣(qi),可(ke)用(yong)肥(fei)皂(zao)水(shui)在(zai)輸(shu)氣(qi)管(guan)道(dao)以(yi)及(ji)各(ge)接(jie)口(kou)處(chu)塗(tu)抹(mo)檢(jian)驗(yan);脫硫劑要定期再生,具體做法是將脫硫器內更換的脫硫劑倒出來,放在陰涼通風的地方放置 2—4天tian,等deng到dao脫tuo硫liu劑ji的de顏yan色se變bian為wei褐he色se,可ke繼ji續xu使shi用yong,切qie忌ji直zhi接jie在zai調tiao控kong器qi中zhong通tong入ru空kong氣qi進jin行xing脫tuo硫liu再zai生sheng,防fang止zhi脫tuo硫liu劑ji遇yu空kong氣qi發fa生sheng化hua學xue反fan應ying產chan生sheng高gao溫wen,燒shao壞huai脫tuo硫liu器qi;安裝在沼氣池出氣口處的脫水器,過1—3個月要檢查一次,脫水器中的水積多了,要將水倒出,以免堵塞管道,導致沼氣灶點不著火。如果管道進水,可用打氣筒將水吹出。
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