1、追求速效性。很多菜農在選擇農藥、肥料時,總是喜歡選擇速效性的,原因是速效性的農藥、化肥使用後很快便表現出效果。盡管有些農藥、肥fei料liao效xiao果guo不bu錯cuo,但dan由you於yu效xiao果guo表biao現xian慢man,在zai後hou期qi效xiao果guo才cai好hao,而er不bu為wei菜cai農nong所suo認ren同tong。如ru有you些xie葉ye麵mian肥fei中zhong含han有you激ji素su類lei或huo以yi氮dan素su為wei主zhu的de肥fei料liao,噴pen灑sa後hou幾ji天tian便bian可ke見jian效xiao。然ran而er,這zhe種zhong快kuai速su生sheng長chang隻zhi是shi一yi種zhong徒tu長chang,對dui植zhi株zhu的de整zheng個ge生sheng長chang發fa育yu過guo程cheng不bu利li。使shi用yong殺sha蟲chong農nong藥yao時shi追zhui求qiu速su效xiao性xing,希xi望wang噴pen藥yao後hou立li即ji殺sha死si害hai蟲chong。但dan某mou些xie生sheng物wu農nong藥yao如ruBthuoeweijunsuleishachongjideng,youyuzhishishasichongluanhuoyizhikunchongtuipihuojianxiaomandeng,buyibiaoxianchuxiaoguo,wangwangbubeicainongsuorentong。cainongzhuiqiusuxiaoxingzuiyanzhongdehouguoshi,mouxiedifangshiyongjudu、高毒、高殘留農藥的現象仍然存在,生產出的產品農藥殘留量超標。
2、盲目追新求異。目前市場上的農藥、肥料種類較多,其中還有一部分“三證”不全的農藥及無證生產的肥料。有的菜農喜歡用較新的農藥、肥(fei)料(liao)。農(nong)藥(yao)為(wei)例(li),固(gu)然(ran)新(xin)農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)可(ke)避(bi)免(mian)某(mou)些(xie)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)出(chu)現(xian)抗(kang)藥(yao)性(xing),但(dan)因(yin)為(wei)目(mu)前(qian)很(hen)多(duo)農(nong)藥(yao)以(yi)混(hun)配(pei)劑(ji)為(wei)主(zhu),使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)會(hui)使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)加(jia)大(da),而(er)出(chu)現(xian)藥(yao)害(hai)。同(tong)時(shi)某(mou)些(xie)農(nong)藥(yao)、肥料產品還未推廣,對其效果了解不多,也容易出現問題。
3、過於相信某些肥料、農藥的功效。很多肥料、農藥的說明中都有適用範圍,在購買農藥、肥料時,隻要是標注作用多的,便會買來使用。如有的農藥標明可治真菌、細菌、病毒等多種病害,便會被當作是好農藥而購買。
4、過量施用。不少菜農過量施用肥料、農(nong)藥(yao),使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)藥(yao)時(shi)用(yong)量(liang)是(shi)常(chang)用(yong)藥(yao)量(liang)的(de)幾(ji)倍(bei)甚(shen)至(zhi)十(shi)幾(ji)倍(bei),常(chang)造(zao)成(cheng)藥(yao)害(hai)。施(shi)用(yong)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)及(ji)化(hua)肥(fei)的(de)施(shi)用(yong)量(liang)是(shi)適(shi)用(yong)量(liang)的(de)幾(ji)倍(bei),又(you)常(chang)常(chang)造(zao)成(cheng)肥(fei)害(hai),導(dao)致(zhi)作(zuo)物(wu)燒(shao)根(gen),影(ying)響(xiang)產(chan)量(liang),同(tong)時(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)或(huo)幾(ji)種(zhong)化(hua)肥(fei)的(de)過(guo)量(liang)施(shi)用(yong)還(hai)會(hui)引(yin)起(qi)土(tu)壤(rang)發(fa)生(sheng)鹽(yan)漬(zi)化(hua)。
5、shiyongfangfabudang。shiyongfeiliaoshi,yaoxuanzeheshideshiyongfangfa,ruzaibutongdeshengchangshiqichongshihaishipenshifeiliao,youjifeishifouchongfenfushudeng。ruobuanshidangdefangfashiyong,jianghuichuxianfeihai。rushiyongmeiyoujingguofushudejifen,huifashengyouhaiqitijibafenbianzhongdeyouhaixijundairupengnei。
6、不能對症下藥、helishifei。zheshimuqianshucaishengchanzhongcunzaidepubianwenti。henduocainongyouyuquefabiyaodezhibaozhishihefeiliaozhishi,chuxianbingzhuanghoubunengzhengquezhenduan,ershimangmuyongyao,yongfei。tebieshidangshucaiquefamouzhongyingyangshi,cuowudishiyonglingyizhongfeiliao,bujinbunengzhiliaobinghai,faneryoukenengjiazhongbinghai。
7、多種農藥混合使用。目前存在的一個主要問題是,不少菜農用幾種殺菌劑與微肥、殺蟲劑、殺病毒劑等5~8種混用,不僅影響藥效,甚至會產生藥害,影響作物生長。
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