胡(hu)桃(tao)肉(rou)狀(zhuang)菌(jun)又(you)叫(jiao)小(xiao)孢(bao)德(de)氏(shi)菌(jun),主(zhu)要(yao)危(wei)害(hai)平(ping)菇(gu)菌(jun)袋(dai)兩(liang)端(duan),產(chan)生(sheng)短(duan)而(er)密(mi)的(de)白(bai)色(se)菌(jun)絲(si),之(zhi)後(hou)形(xing)成(cheng)胡(hu)桃(tao)仁(ren)或(huo)菜(cai)花(hua)狀(zhuang)的(de)子(zi)實(shi)體(ti)。子(zi)實(shi)體(ti)為(wei)淺(qian)黃(huang)色(se)至(zhi)奶(nai)油(you)色(se),老(lao)熟(shu)後(hou)呈(cheng)淺(qian)褐(he)色(se),菌(jun)肉(rou)致(zhi)密(mi),壓(ya)破(po)後(hou)有(you)腥(xing)臭(chou)味(wei)。子(zi)實(shi)體(ti)形(xing)成(cheng)後(hou)還(hai)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)大(da)量(liang)分(fen)生(sheng)孢(bao)子(zi)。掰(bai)開(kai)受(shou)害(hai)菌(jun)袋(dai)發(fa)出(chu)刺(ci)鼻(bi)的(de)漂(piao)白(bai)粉(fen)味(wei)。胡(hu)桃(tao)肉(rou)狀(zhuang)菌(jun)多(duo)發(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)菇(gu)後(hou)期(qi),在(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)濕(shi)、培養料偏酸性、菇房通風不良的情況下易發生。受害菇房會連年感染並越來越嚴重。
防止平菇發生胡桃肉狀菌,應做好以下幾方麵。(1)改善環境。出菇結束後將菇棚清理幹淨,對菇棚地麵、牆壁、棚頂及棚外周圍噴灑二氯異氰尿酸鈉或多菌靈溶液消毒。夏季選晴天掀掉棚膜進行日光曝曬。再次栽培平菇時,在菌袋進棚前用克黴靈40%二氯異氰尿酸鈉可溶性粉劑對菇棚熏蒸消毒,進棚後每隔5~7天熏一次,直至出菇。胡桃肉狀菌發生嚴重的菇棚不宜連種,最好2~3年換一次棚址,而且菇棚要合理構建通風孔。(2)培養料處理。培養料含水量不宜超過65%,pH值提高到9~10時進行發酵處理。曾發生胡桃肉狀菌的菇棚,用多菌靈拌料可起到一定的預防作用。(3)yufangjunzhongchuanran。bunengzaifashengguohutaorouzhuangjundegupengxuanzhonggu,jiezhongqianduijunzhongquanmianjianzha,faxianwuranjunzhongyuyixiaohui。junzhongshiyongqian,junzhongpinghuozhongdaikezainongduwei0.1%的二氯異氰尿酸鈉溶液中浸泡片刻。(4)chuguqifangzhi。chuguqijishitongfenghuanqi,baochigupengkongqiqingxin,qiwenjiaogaoshiyongzheyangwangdengsheshijiangwen。hutaorouzhuangjunfashenghou,pengneiyinglijitingzhipenshui,yijiangdishidu,bingjiangbingdaiyichupengwaichuli。
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