木mu耳er流liu耳er病bing是shi袋dai料liao栽zai培pei木mu耳er過guo程cheng中zhong非fei常chang容rong易yi感gan染ran的de一yi種zhong病bing蟲chong害hai。木mu耳er一yi旦dan感gan染ran此ci病bing,輕qing則ze減jian產chan,重zhong則ze絕jue收shou,嚴yan重zhong影ying響xiang菇gu農nong的de經jing濟ji效xiao益yi,因yin此ci,對dui木mu耳er流liu耳er病bing的de防fang治zhi,菇gu農nong要yao引yin起qi高gao度du重zhong視shi。
從cong現xian象xiang上shang看kan,木mu耳er發fa生sheng流liu耳er病bing時shi,受shou害hai耳er片pian前qian期qi呈cheng淡dan黃huang色se至zhi咖ka啡fei色se,表biao麵mian發fa粘zhan,有you腥xing臭chou味wei,後hou期qi致zhi整zheng叢cong木mu耳er腐fu爛lan。從cong致zhi病bing原yuan因yin上shang看kan,流liu耳er是shi由you線xian蟲chong、細(xi)菌(jun)和(he)原(yuan)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)綜(zong)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)結(jie)果(guo),其(qi)中(zhong)線(xian)蟲(chong)是(shi)產(chan)生(sheng)流(liu)耳(er)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原(yuan)因(yin)。一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian),線(xian)蟲(chong)通(tong)過(guo)自(zi)己(ji)槍(qiang)口(kou)狀(zhuang)口(kou)針(zhen)刺(ci)破(po)木(mu)耳(er)的(de)細(xi)胞(bao)壁(bi)吸(xi)吮(shun)細(xi)胞(bao)內(nei)的(de)汁(zhi)液(ye);另一方麵,線蟲通過自身新陳代謝排泄的毒素可直接危害木耳。
發病原因
一、高溫高濕木耳屬高溫型食用菌,22-34攝氏度均能正常生長,子實體發育及生長階段要求幹濕度達到85%-95%。高gao溫wen高gao濕shi是shi木mu耳er子zi實shi體ti發fa育yu及ji生sheng長chang階jie段duan的de一yi個ge重zhong要yao特te征zheng,也ye是shi導dao致zhi線xian蟲chong快kuai速su繁fan殖zhi的de一yi個ge重zhong要yao原yuan因yin。初chu孵fu化hua的de幼you蟲chong,爬pa出chu卵luan殼ke稍shao停ting片pian刻ke即ji開kai始shi蠕ru動dong覓mi食shi,成cheng蟲chong覓mi食shi時shi,頭tou部bu快kuai速su有you力li地di攪jiao動dong,促cu使shi耳er片pian斷duan成cheng碎sui片pian,然ran後hou吸xi吮shun吞tun食shi。由you於yu線xian蟲chong喜xi好hao群qun集ji覓mi食shi,所suo以yi一yi旦dan發fa生sheng線xian蟲chong危wei害hai木mu耳er,如ru未wei能neng及ji時shi采cai取qu措cuo施shi,則ze必bi然ran產chan生sheng流liu耳er。
二、水源不衛生木耳子實體發育及生長階段需要大量水分,而水與線蟲的生活密切相關,線蟲可在水中自由生活,並借助水的流動由水源、土壤或其它地方,轉移到木耳培養料內或耳片上。如果再遇到陰雨連綿,棚內積水過多,則時間越長,流耳越嚴重。
三、水分管理不當在木耳原基形成期,噴水過旱、mueryuanjiweifengzhuhuakou,penshuiliujinhuoshenruhuakounei,zaochengganran。mueryuanjifenhuaqi,ganggangxingchengdezishitiyuanjichuyuyabaoxingtai,yabaoyinxishuiguoduoerfashengxibaopolie,zaochengganran。huakouchujunsitingzhishengchangertuijun,xingchengdezishitiyuanjiyinshiqujunsiyingyangdegongyingertingzhishengchang,zaochengganranzhiliuer。
四、通風不良由於耳棚選址不當或管理不到位,導致耳棚內通風不良。一方麵,木耳生產所需的氧氣缺乏,抑製了木耳的正常生長;另一方麵,一氧化碳、二氧化碳和其它有害氣體聚積,使木耳菌絲生活力下降,子實體生長緩慢或停止生長,為線蟲、細菌和原生動物的生長繁殖提供了有利條件,產生流耳。
通tong常chang情qing況kuang下xia,以yi上shang因yin素su都dou不bu是shi單dan獨du發fa生sheng,導dao致zhi流liu耳er,而er是shi兩liang個ge或huo兩liang個ge以yi上shang的de因yin素su同tong時shi發fa生sheng,比bi如ru高gao溫wen高gao濕shi又you通tong風feng不bu暢chang,水shui分fen管guan理li不bu當dang,又you水shui源yuan不bu衛wei生sheng,同tong時shi環huan境jing衛wei生sheng差cha,有you時shi也ye可ke能neng以yi上shang因yin素su同tong時shi發fa生sheng,從cong而er加jia重zhong了le流liu耳er的de危wei害hai程cheng度du,給gei木mu耳er生sheng產chan帶dai來lai極ji為wei不bu利li的de影ying響xiang。
手機版




