zhiwufeishiguankelongjishutashichuantonggezhongyumiaojichushangdefazhanyutisheng，juyoujishucaozuoshangdeyanxuxing
，danyouyouchuangxinyudutexing
，xianbatayuqianchabozhongjizuzhipeiyangyumiaodeyitongdianfenxiruxia：

 

    1、yuzhongziyumiaodequbie，zhongziyumiaoshinongyeshengchanshangyunyongzuiduozuiguangdeyizhongzuichangjiandeyumiaojishu
，tebieshizainongzuowujishucaishang，tashiyizhongzuizhuyaodeyumiaofangshi，zhezhongyumiaofangshijuyoucaozuojiandanerqiezhongzilaiyuanguang
，chengbenyoudidetedian，suoyitayishinongyeshengchanshangzuizhuyaodeyizhongyumiaofangshi，danzhezhongyumiaofangshiduiyuxuduozhongzijiagegaodehuobianyixishujiaoda，yijizhongzishuliangyouxiandeqingkuangxia，zhongziyumiaoshinanyidadaolianghaoerkuaisudexiaoguode。chuleF1代dai的de雜za交jiao人ren工gong製zhi種zhong子zi子zi外wai
，大da多duo數shu種zhong子zi留liu種zhong培pei育yu的de種zhong苗miao都dou存cun在zai後hou代dai性xing狀zhuang分fen離li，導dao致zhi農nong藝yi性xing狀zhuang及ji產chan量liang質zhi量liang的de參can差cha不bu齊qi
，影ying響xiang商shang品pin性xing或huo者zhe生sheng物wu性xing狀zhuang，在zai生sheng產chan上shang運yun用yong有you一yi定ding難nan度du
，除chu了le品pin種zhong選xuan育yu外wai。另ling外wai在zai種zhong子zi數shu量liang極ji為wei有you限xian或huo價jia格ge極ji高gao的de情qing況kuang下xia，種zhong子zi育yu苗miao難nan以yi在zai短duan期qi內nei擴kuo繁fan出chu大da量liang性xing狀zhuang一yi致zhi商shang品pin苗miao
，而er采cai用yong非fei試shi管guan快kuai繁fan後hou就jiu可ke輕qing鬆song實shi現xian，另ling外wai


，既ji使shi在zai有you足zu夠gou種zhong子zi數shu量liang的de保bao障zhang下xia，利li用yong快kuai繁fan也ye可ke改gai進jin種zhong苗miao的de綜zong合he性xing狀zhuang與yu商shang品pin率lv
，如ru大da多duo種zhong子zi苗miao表biao現xian為wei根gen係xi不bu整zheng齊qi而er且qie數shu量liang少shao而er稀xi疏shu，移yi栽zai後hou的de生sheng長chang及ji發fa育yu生sheng長chang進jin程cheng都dou沒mei有you快kuai繁fan苗miao表biao現xian得de好hao，所suo以yi在zai發fa達da國guo家jia
，許xu多duo原yuan本ben用yong種zhong子zi育yu苗miao的de品pin種zhong如ru西xi瓜gua、黃瓜
、豇(jiang)豆(dou)等(deng)園(yuan)藝(yi)蔬(shu)菜(cai)植(zhi)物(wu)，它(ta)們(men)都(dou)開(kai)始(shi)推(tui)廣(guang)與(yu)采(cai)用(yong)，先(xian)播(bo)種(zhong)出(chu)苗(miao)，再(zai)切(qie)莖(jing)斷(duan)根(gen)育(yu)苗(miao)
，待(dai)重(zhong)新(xin)長(chang)出(chu)快(kuai)繁(fan)的(de)無(wu)性(xing)係(xi)根(gen)係(xi)後(hou)，再(zai)移(yi)植(zhi)大(da)田(tian)，這(zhe)樣(yang)除(chu)了(le)產(chan)量(liang)提(ti)高(gao)外(wai)
，抗(kang)逆(ni)性(xing)提(ti)高(gao)及(ji)發(fa)育(yu)期(qi)縮(suo)短(duan)有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)效(xiao)果(guo)，現(xian)已(yi)在(zai)農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)得(de)以(yi)運(yun)用(yong)。另(ling)外(wai)，對(dui)於(yu)有(you)些(xie)轉(zhuan)基(ji)因(yin)的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)或(huo)者(zhe)成(cheng)本(ben)極(ji)高(gao)的(de)太(tai)空(kong)種(zhong)質(zhi)，存(cun)在(zai)不(bu)能(neng)形(xing)成(cheng)種(zhong)子(zi)或(huo)種(zhong)子(zi)少(shao)與(yu)昂(ang)貴(gui)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)
，采(cai)用(yong)種(zhong)子(zi)育(yu)苗(miao)難(nan)以(yi)滿(man)足(zu)生(sheng)產(chan)需(xu)要(yao)時(shi)
，非(fei)試(shi)管(guan)克(ke)隆(long)技(ji)術(shu)可(ke)以(yi)得(de)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)解(jie)決(jue)。如(ru)最(zui)近(jin)流(liu)行(xing)的(de)轉(zhuan)基(ji)因(yin)植(zhi)物(wu)驅(qu)蚊(wen)草(cao)與(yu)熒(ying)光(guang)花(hua)卉(hui)
，它(ta)不(bu)能(neng)形(xing)成(cheng)種(zhong)子(zi)，既(ji)使(shi)有(you)少(shao)量(liang)種(zhong)子(zi)成(cheng)苗(miao)率(lv)也(ye)不(bu)高(gao)，而(er)且(qie)後(hou)代(dai)分(fen)離(li)與(yu)變(bian)異(yi)大(da)
，針(zhen)對(dui)這(zhe)些(xie)品(pin)種(zhong)運(yun)用(yong)非(fei)試(shi)管(guan)克(ke)隆(long)技(ji)術(shu)就(jiu)可(ke)體(ti)現(xian)出(chu)極(ji)大(da)的(de)優(you)勢(shi)。還(hai)有(you)一(yi)些(xie)品(pin)種(zhong)如(ru)西(xi)瓜(gua)在(zai)苗(miao)期(qi)極(ji)易(yi)患(huan)猝(cu)倒(dao)病(bing)，而(er)用(yong)非(fei)試(shi)管(guan)克(ke)隆(long)後(hou)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)解(jie)決(jue)。采(cai)用(yong)種(zhong)子(zi)育(yu)苗(miao)對(dui)於(yu)一(yi)些(xie)成(cheng)本(ben)低(di)變(bian)異(yi)小(xiao)的(de)農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)或(huo)蔬(shu)菜(cai)瓜(gua)果(guo)是(shi)可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)，但(dan)對(dui)於(yu)成(cheng)本(ben)高(gao)種(zhong)源(yuan)少(shao)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)
，隻(zhi)有(you)非(fei)試(shi)管(guan)克(ke)隆(long)技(ji)術(shu)才(cai)能(neng)實(shi)現(xian)優(you)良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)的(de)短(duan)時(shi)間(jian)內(nei)擴(kuo)繁(fan)
，而(er)種(zhong)子(zi)難(nan)以(yi)實(shi)現(xian)
，因(yin)種(zhong)子(zi)需(xu)經(jing)開(kai)花(hua)授(shou)粉(fen)及(ji)成(cheng)熟(shu)漫(man)長(chang)的(de)製(zhi)種(zhong)階(jie)段(duan)，而(er)非(fei)試(shi)管(guan)克(ke)隆(long)可(ke)隨(sui)時(shi)取(qu)母(mu)本(ben)植(zhi)株(zhu)上(shang)的(de)營(ying)養(yang)器(qi)官(guan)枝(zhi)葉(ye)芽(ya)或(huo)根(gen)進(jin)行(xing)擴(kuo)繁(fan)
，以(yi)解(jie)決(jue)種(zhong)子(zi)周(zhou)期(qi)長(chang)速(su)度(du)慢(man)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)。

 

    2、與yu嫁jia接jie育yu苗miao的de區qu別bie，嫁jia接jie育yu苗miao是shi傳chuan統tong育yu苗miao中zhong實shi現xian無wu性xing係xi狀zhuang態tai保bao留liu運yun用yong最zui常chang見jian的de技ji術shu，在zai木mu本ben的de果guo樹shu及ji瓜gua類lei植zhi物wu上shang近jin年nian運yun用yong極ji為wei廣guang泛fan。這zhe種zhong方fang法fa能neng保bao持chi品pin種zhong優you良liang特te性xing外wai
，許xu多duo植zhi物wu還hai可ke通tong過guo嫁jia接jie來lai提ti高gao植zhi株zhu的de抗kang逆ni性xing或huo改gai善shan某mou些xie農nong藝yi性xing狀zhuang

，在zai生sheng產chan上shang運yun用yong得de到dao了le很hen好hao的de反fan響xiang
，但dan同tong時shi，也ye存cun在zai著zhe技ji術shu繁fan瑣suo
，時shi間jian周zhou期qi過guo長chang
，如ru遇yu不bu利li的de氣qi候hou環huan境jing
，還hai會hui導dao致zhi成cheng活huo率lv低di或huo苗miao勢shi差cha的de缺que點dian
，而er且qie許xu多duo品pin種zhong對dui嫁jia接jie砧zhen木mu的de選xuan擇ze存cun在zai專zhuan一yi性xing

，如ru果guo兩liang者zhe不bu親qin和he，除chu了le成cheng活huo率lv低di外wai，還hai會hui影ying響xiang壽shou命ming與yu品pin質zhi，所suo以yi在zai進jin行xing嫁jia接jie育yu苗miao前qian一yi定ding要yao選xuan擇ze適shi合he的de砧zhen木mu品pin種zhong進jin行xing砧zhen木mu苗miao的de培pei育yu，一yi般ban品pin種zhong需xu1-2年時間，生長快的品種也需半年左右
，這樣無疑就延長了優良品種的繁苗周期，如果樹類一般快的1年nian，時shi間jian長chang的de需xu兩liang年nian或huo三san年nian，如ru棗zao苗miao，板ban栗li苗miao
，楊yang梅mei，枇pi杷pa等deng

，都dou需xu較jiao長chang時shi間jian的de培pei育yu期qi，才cai能neng成cheng為wei一yi株zhu生sheng長chang可ke用yong的de商shang品pin苗miao。而er采cai用yong非fei試shi管guan克ke隆long新xin技ji術shu後hou，上shang述shu這zhe些xie品pin種zhong隻zhi需xu截jie取qu它ta的de一yi葉ye一yi芽ya或huo一yi枝zhi段duan及ji根gen段duan就jiu可ke培pei育yu成cheng一yi個ge完wan整zheng的de個ge體ti，如ru棗zao快kuai隻zhi需xu15天即生根，25天就可移栽大田，而嫁接苗需2-3年nian。更geng為wei繁fan瑣suo工gong藝yi流liu程cheng多duo，成cheng活huo率lv受shou天tian氣qi製zhi約yue大da
，如ru桃tao苗miao一yi遇yu雨yu天tian成cheng活huo率lv就jiu極ji低di或huo者zhe即ji使shi成cheng活huo也ye會hui導dao致zhi嚴yan重zhong流liu膠jiao
，成cheng活huo後hou還hai需xu解jie膜mo與yu除chu萌meng，管guan理li繁fan而er受shou季ji節jie影ying響xiang大da。而er非fei試shi管guan克ke隆long新xin技ji術shu，隻zhi要yao生sheng根gen成cheng苗miao後hou即ji可ke移yi栽zai，根gen係xi發fa達da而er成cheng活huo率lv高gao
，一yi年nian四si季ji皆jie可ke移yi栽zai定ding植zhi
，用yong該gai方fang法fa培pei育yu的de苗miao木mu，根gen係xi呈cheng爆bao炸zha式shi，並bing且qie根gen冠guan比bi極ji大da，適shi於yu遠yuan距ju離li或huo反fan季ji節jie移yi栽zai
，成cheng活huo率lv高gao，緩huan苗miao期qi短duan，這zhe是shi目mu前qian任ren何he一yi種zhong育yu苗miao技ji術shu所suo無wu法fa比bi擬ni的de。另ling外wai，嫁jia接jie存cun在zai的de不bu親qin和he現xian象xiang或huo後hou期qi不bu親qin和he現xian象xiang運yun用yong快kuai繁fan後hou可ke以yi有you效xiao解jie決jue，如ru最zui近jin金jin銀yin花hua王wang苗miao木mu的de培pei育yu大da多duo采cai用yong嫁jia接jie
，但dan它ta會hui出chu現xian後hou期qi不bu親qin和he於yu嫁jia接jie口kou處chu出chu現xian掐qia脖bo子zi現xian象xiang，三san年nian後hou遇yu台tai風feng一yi吹chui就jiu斷duan，給gei種zhong植zhi者zhe帶dai來lai嚴yan重zhong經jing濟ji損sun失shi，而er采cai用yong快kuai繁fan技ji術shu可ke以yi有you效xiao地di解jie決jue，因yin為wei它ta屬shu自zi根gen苗miao，不bu存cun在zai親qin和he性xing問wen題ti。

 

    3、種(zhong)技(ji)術(shu)最(zui)早(zao)是(shi)人(ren)們(men)無(wu)意(yi)地(di)把(ba)一(yi)些(xie)植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)樹(shu)枝(zhi)插(cha)入(ru)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)，後(hou)來(lai)發(fa)現(xian)生(sheng)根(gen)並(bing)成(cheng)苗(miao)了(le)，於(yu)是(shi)人(ren)們(men)就(jiu)不(bu)斷(duan)地(di)總(zong)結(jie)發(fa)現(xian)其(qi)中(zhong)的(de)奧(ao)妙(miao)與(yu)規(gui)律(lv)，開(kai)始(shi)觀(guan)察(cha)季(ji)節(jie)及(ji)枝(zhi)條(tiao)老(lao)嫩(nen)及(ji)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)
，總(zong)結(jie)出(chu)一(yi)套(tao)適(shi)合(he)於(yu)各(ge)種(zhong)植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)扡(qian)插(cha)育(yu)苗(miao)技(ji)術(shu)，並(bing)把(ba)它(ta)用(yong)之(zhi)於(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)實(shi)踐(jian)。有(you)句(ju)古(gu)言(yan)道(dao)：youxinzaihuahuabuhuo，wuxinchaliuliuchengyin，yehuagurenyejiushizuizaocongliushuchazhishangdedaoqianchajishudeqifaba，houlairenmenfaxianyongliushuzhichulizhitiaodeqiekoukeyicujinshenggen
，yushiyouqishirenmenduicujinshenggenwuzhideyanjiu

，xiandaideqianchayumiaojishuyiduiyuzhiwubutongdejijie，butongdejizhi，butongdehuanjing，butongdeyaojidengjinxinglekexueerxitongdeyanjiu
，erqiekaifalegezhonggeyangdeshenggenfen，qizhongzuiyouquanweidejiushizhongguolinkeyuanwangtaoyanjiuyuankaifatuiguangdeABT生sheng根gen粉fen。這zhe些xie技ji術shu及ji促cu進jin生sheng根gen藥yao劑ji的de研yan究jiu為wei扡qian插cha育yu苗miao技ji術shu的de發fa展zhan提ti供gong了le強qiang勁jin的de技ji術shu支zhi撐cheng，但dan美mei中zhong不bu足zu的de是shi，並bing不bu是shi所suo有you植zhi物wu都dou能neng進jin行xing扡qian插cha，也ye不bu是shi在zai任ren何he季ji節jie都dou可ke進jin行xing扡qian插cha繁fan殖zhi，更geng為wei不bu足zu的de是shi成cheng活huo率lv影ying響xiang的de因yin素su多duo，不bu穩wen定ding
，難nan以yi在zai生sheng產chan上shang大da規gui模mo工gong廠chang化hua地di實shi施shi。而er非fei試shi管guan克ke隆long技ji術shu可ke克ke服fu上shang述shu的de各ge種zhong缺que點dian，又you能neng延yan續xu傳chuan統tong育yu苗miao操cao作zuo上shang的de簡jian易yi性xing，易yi掌zhang握wo性xing，實shi現xian種zhong苗miao的de工gong廠chang化hua生sheng產chan，使shi育yu苗miao變bian得de簡jian單dan高gao效xiao而er快kuai速su，如ru扡qian插cha育yu苗miao大da多duo隻zhi有you在zai氣qi候hou適shi宜yi的de春chun季ji或huo秋qiu季ji進jin行xing，而er采cai用yong非fei試shi管guan克ke隆long技ji術shu後hou，一yi年nian四si季ji，不bu管guan春chun夏xia秋qiu冬dong都dou可ke實shi施shi快kuai繁fan

，實shi現xian周zhou年nian快kuai繁fan，其qi實shi在zai計ji算suan機ji控kong製zhi的de精jing確que模mo擬ni環huan境jing下xia，能neng為wei生sheng根gen成cheng苗miao創chuang造zao最zui佳jia的de環huan境jing條tiao件jian，使shi離li體ti材cai料liao的de生sheng根gen過guo程cheng穩wen定ding而er高gao效xiao率lv
，生sheng根gen時shi間jian大da大da縮suo短duan，就jiu是shi同tong樣yang的de生sheng根gen成cheng活huo率lv
，非fei試shi管guan克ke隆long苗miao它ta具ju有you比bi扡qian插cha苗miao更geng為wei發fa達da而er整zheng齊qi的de根gen係xi
，這zhe點dian是shi任ren何he育yu苗miao技ji術shu所suo無wu法fa比bi擬ni的de。操cao作zuo簡jian單dan看kan似si與yu傳chuan統tong扡qian插cha相xiang似si

，但dan非fei試shi管guan克ke隆long技ji術shu可ke以yi使shi比bi扡qian插cha材cai料liao更geng小xiao的de微wei材cai料liao快kuai速su生sheng根gen與yu成cheng苗miao，如ru一yi葉ye一yi芽ya，或huo一yi葉ye半ban葉ye
，或huo一yi枝zhi或huo一yi芽ya
，一yi根gen等deng，隻zhi要yao是shi全quan息xi性xing較jiao強qiang的de植zhi物wu離li體ti器qi官guan都dou可ke當dang作zuo快kuai繁fan時shi的de離li體ti材cai料liao，而er扡qian插cha大da多duo選xuan擇ze具ju有you較jiao多duo貯zhu藏zang養yang份fen的de大da枝zhi段duan大da枝zhi條tiao作zuo為wei材cai料liao，從cong耗hao材cai上shang，扡qian插cha用yong是shi更geng多duo些xie。從cong繁fan苗miao的de密mi度du上shang比bi扡qian插cha育yu苗miao更geng密mi，每mei平ping方fang可ke達da400-1000株，如結合立體多層次的架式育苗效率還可提高得更多，一個240平方米的快繁大棚，至少可年生產50-100wanzhumiao
，shidatianqianchayumiaodejibeihuojishibei。congguanliyonggonglaishuotourudechengbenyedadadijiangdi，chuantongqianchayumiaochulekoumobaoshizheyinwai，pingshihaixujinxingdingshidejiaoshuiyubingchonghaizacaodefangzhiguanli，yonggongliangdachengbengao

，erzaifeishiguankelongdeyumiaohuanjingxia，yiqiekejiaogeijisuanjikongzhitongzidongwancheng，zheyangdehuajiukedadadijiangdilaodonglitourujianshaozhongmiaodechengben，daduoshupinzhongcongfanzhizhishenggenyizaichengbenbuhuichaoguo1分錢
，也就是說它是成本隻需扡插育苗的1/10-1/20jike。zaishiyidepinzhongshang
，caiyongfeishiguankelongxinjishujihushiyongyusuoyoudelvsezhiwu，erqianchayumiaozhishiyuyixietedingdepinzhongyujijie
，jiushichuantonghuozuzhipeiyangzuinanfanzhidesongshujibinweizhiwubaishanzulengshanyedeyikuaifanchenggong
，qitadeguaguoshucailvhuayaocaidengjieke，zaishiyipinzhongfanweishangyoulezhidetisheng。erqieyunyongxinjishupeiyudemiaomugenguanbida，shihezhounianyizaiquanniandingzhi，dadajiakuaiyouliangpinzhongdechanyehuajincheng
，rujiehexuepanyumiao

，gengkeshimiaomudepeiyuyizaidingzhiyitihua，shizhongzhiyinqishengchangbulianghuanmanguochangdexianxiangdeyikefu。caiyongxinjishupeiyudemiaomujiushizaishengxiayekeyizai
，zheshiqitarenheyizhongyumiaofangfazuobudaode
，zhezhongxinjishujieheyucainalechuantongyumiaoyicaozuoxingdeyoudian，bingqihuanjingduobianxingdequedian
，shixianlezhongmiaodezhouniankuaisupeiyuyuduodaixunhuandejihebeizeng，zaichangguiqianchayumiaoqingkuangxia，yigenzhitiaojingqianchahouyinianzhinengchengweiyizhumiao，erfeishiguankelongxinjishukeyishixianjiqianbeishangwanbeishenzhishangbaiwanbeidejihejikuozeng
，zheshiqianchayijiqitayumiaojishubukebinide。

 

    4、與組培技術的區別；組zu培pei技ji術shu全quan稱cheng為wei組zu織zhi培pei養yang技ji術shu，就jiu是shi運yun用yong植zhi物wu組zu織zhi或huo器qi官guan甚shen至zhi是shi細xi胞bao，在zai密mi封feng的de裝zhuang有you調tiao配pei好hao營ying養yang基ji質zhi的de試shi管guan瓶ping中zhong
，完wan成cheng它ta的de分fen化hua增zeng殖zhi及ji生sheng根gen過guo成cheng
，使shi接jie種zhong後hou的de植zhi物wu組zu織zhi經jing一yi段duan時shi間jian的de培pei育yu後hou發fa育yu成cheng為wei一yi個ge或huo數shu個ge完wan整zheng的de植zhi株zhu，這zhe就jiu是shi我wo們men近jin代dai生sheng物wu技ji術shu中zhong常chang提ti及ji的de組zu織zhi培pei養yang技ji術shu
，它ta是shi目mu前qian科ke研yan院yuan校xiao科ke教jiao與yu試shi驗yan的de一yi項xiang重zhong要yao生sheng物wu技ji術shu範fan疇chou，但dan在zai生sheng產chan上shang一yi直zhi因yin為wei存cun在zai的de某mou些xie瓶ping頸jing而er未wei被bei大da麵mian積ji的de采cai納na與yu推tui廣guang。除chu了le組zu織zhi培pei養yang投tou入ru及ji運yun行xing的de成cheng本ben較jiao高gao外wai，更geng重zhong要yao的de一yi點dian是shi它ta適shi宜yi的de品pin種zhong不bu廣guang，可ke操cao作zuo性xing不bu強qiang，特te別bie是shi基ji層ceng的de生sheng產chan者zhe更geng難nan掌zhang握wo與yu操cao作zuo。所suo以yi，組zu織zhi培pei養yang技ji術shu在zai我wo國guo發fa展zhan的de幾ji十shi年nian中zhong基ji本ben上shang處chu於yu研yan究jiu階jie段duan如ru作zuo為wei育yu種zhong及ji基ji因yin工gong程cheng技ji術shu的de輔fu助zhu工gong具ju在zai運yun用yong，在zai生sheng產chan上shang除chu了le一yi些xie技ji術shu簡jian單dan的de香xiang蕉jiao、甘蔗、草cao莓mei商shang品pin苗miao及ji馬ma鈴ling薯shu脫tuo毒du外wai，在zai木mu本ben植zhi物wu及ji瓜gua果guo蔬shu菜cai的de運yun用yong上shang極ji少shao，除chu了le成cheng本ben因yin素su外wai，技ji術shu也ye還hai是shi一yi個ge瓶ping頸jing
，特te別bie是shi木mu本ben植zhi物wu的de誘you導dao生sheng根gen上shang
，存cun在zai的de問wen題ti還hai是shi很hen多duo，目mu前qian還hai難nan以yi在zai生sheng產chan上shang推tui廣guang運yun用yong。既ji使shi許xu多duo品pin種zhong在zai試shi管guan內nei能neng良liang好hao發fa育yu，但dan也ye同tong樣yang存cun在zai移yi栽zai後hou成cheng活huo率lv低di或huo緩huan苗miao難nan生sheng長chang勢shi差cha等deng生sheng理li障zhang礙ai現xian象xiang。那na麼me非fei試shi管guan克ke隆long技ji術shu它ta是shi如ru何he克ke服fu組zu培pei技ji術shu的de缺que點dian而er實shi現xian了le一yi種zhong新xin型xing的de組zu織zhi培pei養yang新xin路lu徑jing呢ne？其qi實shi植zhi物wu非fei試shi管guan克ke隆long新xin技ji術shu從cong泛fan義yi的de角jiao度du來lai說shuo也ye是shi組zu織zhi培pei養yang技ji術shu
，但dan不bu同tong的de是shi一yi個ge是shi在zai試shi管guan裏li而er一yi個ge是shi在zai快kuai繁fan苗miao床chuang的de大da田tian基ji地di裏li，培pei育yu環huan境jing有you一yi天tian壤rang之zhi別bie，一yi個ge需xu要yao無wu菌jun的de密mi閉bi環huan境jing，一yi個ge是shi在zai開kai放fang的de環huan境jing

，一yi個ge是shi在zai全quan人ren人ren補bu光guang環huan境jing下xia，一yi個ge是shi在zai全quan天tian候hou的de自zi然ran光guang環huan境jing下xia，一yi個ge是shi利li用yong加jia糖tang的de人ren工gong培pei養yang基ji為wei育yu苗miao基ji質zhi，而er一yi個ge是shi在zai沒mei有you任ren何he有you機ji質zhi及ji糖tang的de無wu機ji珍zhen珠zhu岩yan基ji質zhi。一yi個ge是shi利li用yong幼you嫩nen的de剛gang分fen化hua或huo無wu分fen化hua的de組zu織zhi或huo莖jing尖jian，一yi個ge是shi利li用yong已yi完wan成cheng形xing態tai分fen化hua的de組zu織zhi或huo器qi官guan，一yi個ge是shi通tong過guo分fen化hua不bu定ding芽ya以yi實shi現xian幾ji何he倍bei增zeng
，一yi個ge是shi利li用yong芽ya莖jing營ying養yang生sheng長chang來lai實shi現xian離li體ti材cai料liao的de增zeng殖zhi
，也ye有you部bu份fen可ke以yi運yun用yong增zeng生sheng的de不bu定ding芽ya來lai完wan成cheng增zeng殖zhi，但dan大da多duo數shu品pin種zhong是shi利li用yong莖jing的de生sheng長chang來lai擴kuo大da繁fan殖zhi材cai料liao。一yi個ge需xu經jing過guo嚴yan格ge煉lian苗miao才cai能neng適shi應ying大da田tian環huan境jing，一yi個ge隻zhi需xu簡jian單dan煉lian苗miao就jiu能neng培pei育yu成cheng對dui環huan境jing有you很hen強qiang適shi應ying性xing的de快kuai繁fan苗miao，除chu了le這zhe些xie區qu別bie外wai，在zai生sheng理li上shang它ta們men存cun在zai實shi質zhi性xing的de區qu別bie
，真zhen因yin為wei這zhe些xie區qu別bie，而er使shi傳chuan統tong的de組zu培pei苗miao成cheng活huo率lv低di適shi應ying性xing差cha而er難nan以yi在zai生sheng產chan上shang推tui廣guang運yun用yong。現xian把ba它ta們men的de區qu別bie剖pou析xi如ru下xia，組zu織zhi培pei養yang過guo程cheng是shi一yi個ge以yi異yi養yang為wei主zhu
，自zi養yang為wei輔fu的de寄ji生sheng型xing育yu苗miao過guo程cheng
，試shi管guan內nei組zu織zhi的de發fa育yu所suo需xu的de營ying養yang與yu能neng量liang都dou是shi依yi靠kao培pei養yang基ji中zhong的de糖tang與yu礦kuang質zhi營ying養yang來lai提ti供gong的de，屬shu於yu異yi養yang型xing代dai謝xie。而er非fei試shi管guan快kuai繁fan技ji術shu，它ta的de離li體ti組zu織zhi材cai料liao是shi在zai沒mei有you任ren何he糖tang的de無wu機ji基ji質zhi環huan境jing中zhong進jin行xing，它ta的de能neng量liang代dai謝xie全quan賴lai於yu組zu織zhi本ben身shen的de光guang合he作zuo用yong能neng力li與yu貯zhu藏zang的de營ying養yang物wu質zhi，它ta的de整zheng個ge代dai謝xie過guo程cheng是shi自zi力li更geng生sheng的de自zi養yang型xing代dai謝xie，兩liang種zhong不bu同tong代dai謝xie類lei型xing所suo培pei育yu的de苗miao對dui環huan境jing就jiu存cun在zai完wan全quan不bu同tong的de適shi應ying性xing，自zi養yang型xing的de具ju有you很hen強qiang適shi應ying性xing
，稍shao作zuo煉lian苗miao就jiu可ke移yi栽zai至zhi自zi然ran環huan境jing
，而er試shi管guan內nei培pei育yu的de小xiao苗miao
，長chang在zai瓶ping內nei時shi看kan起qi來lai苗miao勢shi還hai是shi不bu錯cuo
，但dan一yi旦dan移yi致zhi大da田tian，就jiu出chu現xian死si苗miao萎wei蔫nian，究jiu其qi生sheng理li原yuan因yin，發fa現xian在zai密mi閉bi瓶ping內nei生sheng長chang的de小xiao苗miao，由you於yu長chang期qi長chang在zai高gao度du缺que氧yang與yu二er氧yang化hua碳tan的de環huan境jing下xia，它ta的de呼hu吸xi作zuo用yong模mo式shi與yu光guang合he作zuo用yong模mo式shi沒mei有you完wan全quan建jian立li
，出chu現xian氣qi孔kong缺que失shi現xian象xiang或huo者zhe所suo謂wei的de玻bo璃li苗miao現xian象xiang，另ling外wai，在zai瓶ping內nei生sheng長chang的de小xiao苗miao，它ta在zai營ying養yang器qi官guan的de形xing成cheng長chang所suo需xu的de能neng量liang與yu營ying養yang大da多duo是shi由you基ji質zhi直zhi接jie供gong應ying與yu滿man足zu，而er非fei試shi管guan快kuai繁fan苗miao它ta主zhu要yao依yi靠kao自zi已yi自zi身shen的de光guang合he作zuo用yong與yu葉ye片pian環huan境jing吸xi收shou為wei主zhu

，它ta在zai培pei育yu過guo程cheng中zhong已yi形xing成cheng了le完wan整zheng而er發fa達da的de維wei管guan束shu，有you利li於yu移yi栽zai後hou的de營ying養yang吸xi收shou代dai謝xie，而er瓶ping內nei組zu織zhi苗miao常chang有you維wei管guan束shu發fa育yu不bu好hao或huo不bu連lian通tong不bu發fa育yu的de問wen題ti
，所suo以yi當dang它ta移yi至zhi大da田tian後hou還hai會hui出chu現xian吸xi收shou及ji光guang合he作zuo用yong呼hu吸xi作zuo用yong等deng生sheng理li之zhi障zhang礙ai問wen題ti
，這zhe是shi導dao致zhi組zu培pei成cheng活huo率lv低di的de最zui關guan鍵jian因yin子zi。而er非fei試shi管guan快kuai繁fan，它ta是shi依yi賴lai於yu組zu織zhi或huo葉ye片pian自zi身shen的de光guang合he代dai謝xie能neng力li以yi完wan成cheng它ta整zheng個ge植zhi株zhu發fa育yu的de營ying養yang與yu能neng量liang，所suo以yi它ta的de根gen係xi特te別bie發fa達da，因yin為wei它ta利li用yong葉ye片pian源yuan源yuan不bu斷duan的de光guang合he作zuo用yong能neng力li提ti供gong了le大da量liang的de自zi養yang碳tan源yuan
，而er且qie再zai加jia上shang切qie口kou環huan境jing透tou氣qi保bao濕shi良liang好hao
，不bu像xiang組zu培pei基ji質zhi瓊qiong脂zhi缺que乏fa透tou氣qi性xing，所suo以yi它ta的de根gen係xi發fa育yu特te別bie多duo而er發fa達da，是shi任ren何he一yi種zhong育yu苗miao技ji術shu無wu可ke比bi較jiao的de。除chu了le這zhe些xie區qu別bie外wai，非fei試shi管guan快kuai繁fan技ji術shu具ju有you比bi組zu培pei更geng高gao的de增zeng殖zhi率lv，因yin為wei移yi栽zai後hou的de小xiao苗miao，在zai全quan價jia營ying養yang液ye及ji適shi宜yi自zi然ran環huan境jing下xia比bi在zai瓶ping內nei有you更geng快kuai的de生sheng長chang量liang與yu生sheng物wu量liang，如ru驅qu蚊wen草cao小xiao苗miao移yi至zhi大da田tian後hou
，在zai1-2個月內至少可增殖15-20geyepianyuya，weixiadaidejidaixunhuantigonglejihejizengchangdeliticailiao，zheyangyigeyeyazaiyinianneizhishaokepeiyushangbaiwanzhuzhongmiao
，erqiechengbenjidi
，zhixuyigesuliaodapengyushugezengzhipeiyudapengjiukewanchengle，erruguocaiyongzuzhipeiyangjishu，guangzupeixiangguansheshishebeiyuqiju，jiuxutourujibaiwanyuan

，erqieshijianyouchangyoufansuo，yibanrenyenanyizhangwo。

 

    總zong之zhi育yu苗miao技ji術shu是shi農nong業ye生sheng產chan環huan節jie中zhong最zui為wei重zhong要yao技ji術shu要yao求qiu也ye相xiang對dui較jiao高gao的de技ji術shu
，麵mian對dui當dang前qian我wo國guo農nong業ye生sheng產chan情qing況kuang，已yi從cong單dan家jia獨du戶hu散san戶hu經jing營ying型xing向xiang專zhuan業ye戶hu公gong司si經jing營ying型xing轉zhuan變bian，農nong業ye產chan業ye區qu劃hua也ye從cong傳chuan統tong零ling散san無wu序xu向xiang因yin地di製zhi宜yi有you序xu有you計ji劃hua地di區qu域yu化hua產chan業ye化hua發fa展zhan，各ge自zi形xing成cheng了le初chu具ju產chan業ye優you勢shi的de地di方fang品pin牌pai與yu當dang地di名ming特te優you產chan品pin

，隨sui著zhe產chan業ye化hua不bu斷duan推tui廣guang，原yuan來lai自zi育yu苗miao自zi栽zai培pei自zi留liu種zhong的de傳chuan統tong種zhong苗miao培pei育yu方fang式shi肯ken定ding已yi不bu能neng適shi應ying當dang前qian產chan業ye化hua大da規gui模mo化hua發fa展zhan的de需xu求qiu，所suo以yi必bi須xu在zai新xin時shi期qi下xia，要yao迅xun速su開kai發fa形xing成cheng一yi種zhong適shi合he產chan業ye化hua工gong廠chang化hua集ji約yue化hua的de先xian進jin育yu苗miao技ji術shu，在zai這zhe種zhong新xin形xing勢shi，國guo內nei外wai也ye有you相xiang關guan的de許xu多duo專zhuan家jia投tou入ru了le這zhe個ge領ling域yu的de研yan究jiu開kai發fa，其qi中zhong最zui具ju先xian進jin性xing與yu代dai表biao性xing的de就jiu是shi千qian葉ye大da學xue的de閉bi鎖suo型xing光guang自zi養yang技ji術shu，這zhe項xiang技ji術shu集ji成cheng了le目mu前qian生sheng物wu領ling域yu計ji算suan機ji領ling域yu及ji材cai料liao科ke技ji領ling域yu中zhong最zui為wei先xian進jin的de技ji術shu
，利li用yong了le植zhi物wu強qiang大da的de光guang自zi養yang能neng力li
，建jian立li了le一yi種zhong與yu傳chuan統tong組zu織zhi相xiang似si但dan又you有you很hen大da超chao越yue與yu提ti高gao的de新xin型xing育yu苗miao技ji術shu體ti係xi與yu流liu程cheng。在zai此ci同tong時shi

，浙zhe江jiang省sheng麗li水shui市shi農nong科ke所suo也ye投tou入ru了le這zhe場chang技ji術shu革ge新xin的de研yan究jiu中zhong，在zai采cai納na國guo外wai先xian進jin技ji術shu的de同tong時shi
，能neng結jie合he我wo國guo生sheng產chan實shi際ji，不bu生sheng搬ban硬ying套tao也ye不bu默mo守shou沉chen規gui
，在zai科ke學xue引yin進jin消xiao化hua吸xi收shou與yu創chuang新xin基ji礎chu上shang，研yan發fa出chu適shi合he我wo國guo當dang前qian一yi個ge時shi期qi生sheng產chan力li水shui平ping的de工gong廠chang化hua育yu苗miao新xin技ji術shu----植物非試管快繁技術。這種技術在育苗技術指標上基本與國外接近，而成本隻需國外相似技術的1/10
，在我國推廣具有實用性與可操作性
，現在該技術已在我國大江南北推廣建立了500duogeshifandianyujidi
，weiwoguozhongmiaochanyedefazhanzuochulejijidegongxian。ruguoyouxingqudeduzhe，kejixuyuedu，yixiapianfujianghuijiaoniruhezhangwoyuyunyongzhexiangxinxingerxianjindeyumiaoxinjishu。