錳是作物必須的微量元素之一,植物體的正常含錳量一般為20-100毫克/公(gong)斤(jin),因(yin)作(zuo)物(wu)種(zhong)類(lei)和(he)生(sheng)長(chang)條(tiao)件(jian)不(bu)同(tong)而(er)有(you)所(suo)差(cha)異(yi)。缺(que)錳(meng)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)植(zhi)物(wu)生(sheng)長(chang)受(shou)阻(zu),甚(shen)至(zhi)停(ting)止(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang),這(zhe)是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)錳(meng)與(yu)植(zhi)物(wu)光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong)關(guan)係(xi)極(ji)為(wei)密(mi)切(qie),並(bing)影(ying)響(xiang)生(sheng)長(chang)素(su)的(de)代(dai)謝(xie),對(dui)錳(meng)肥(fei)有(you)良(liang)好(hao)反(fan)應(ying)的(de)農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)很(hen)多(duo)。
一(yi)般(ban)作(zuo)物(wu)缺(que)錳(meng)症(zheng)狀(zhuang)表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)新(xin)生(sheng)葉(ye)片(pian)脈(mai)間(jian)失(shi)綠(lv)黃(huang)化(hua),嚴(yan)重(zhong)時(shi)褪(tui)綠(lv)部(bu)分(fen)呈(cheng)黃(huang)褐(he)色(se)或(huo)赤(chi)褐(he)色(se)斑(ban)點(dian),逐(zhu)漸(jian)增(zeng)多(duo)擴(kuo)大(da)並(bing)散(san)布(bu)於(yu)整(zheng)個(ge)葉(ye)片(pian)。有(you)時(shi)葉(ye)片(pian)發(fa)皺(zhou)、卷(juan)曲(qu)甚(shen)至(zhi)凋(diao)萎(wei)。大(da)小(xiao)麥(mai)缺(que)錳(meng)早(zao)期(qi)出(chu)現(xian)灰(hui)白(bai)色(se)浸(jin)潤(run)狀(zhuang)斑(ban)點(dian),新(xin)葉(ye)葉(ye)片(pian)脈(mai)間(jian)褪(tui)綠(lv)黃(huang)化(hua),葉(ye)脈(mai)仍(reng)保(bao)持(chi)綠(lv)色(se),隨(sui)後(hou)黃(huang)化(hua)部(bu)分(fen)逐(zhu)漸(jian)變(bian)褐(he)壞(huai)死(si),形(xing)成(cheng)與(yu)葉(ye)脈(mai)平(ping)行(xing)的(de)長(chang)短(duan)不(bu)一(yi)的(de)線(xian)狀(zhuang)褐(he)色(se)斑(ban)點(dian),葉(ye)片(pian)變(bian)薄(bo)、柔軟萎蔫,即褐線萎黃病。雙子葉植物如棉花、油菜缺錳,幼葉首先失綠,葉脈間呈灰黃或灰紅色,顯示出明顯的網狀脈紋,有時葉片還出現淡紫色或淺棕色斑點。豆類作物如菜豆、蠶豆和豌豆缺錳,常出現種子小而開裂、畸形,並有褐色斑點,即濕斑病。種子出苗後子葉中心組織及幼莖、幼you根gen變bian褐he。甜tian菜cai缺que錳meng,生sheng育yu初chu期qi表biao現xian為wei葉ye片pian直zhi立li,葉ye片pian呈cheng三san角jiao形xing,脈mai間jian有you黃huang化hua斑ban點dian,稱cheng為wei黃huang斑ban病bing。繼ji而er黃huang褐he色se斑ban點dian壞huai死si,逐zhu漸jian遍bian及ji全quan葉ye,葉ye緣yuan向xiang上shang卷juan縮suo,嚴yan重zhong壞huai死si部bu分fen脫tuo落luo穿chuan孔kong。馬ma鈴ling薯shu缺que錳meng,葉ye脈mai間jian失shi綠lv因yin品pin種zhong不bu同tong可ke呈cheng現xian淺qian綠lv色se、黃huang色se和he紅hong色se,嚴yan重zhong時shi脈mai間jian全quan部bu變bian為wei白bai色se。柑gan橘ju類lei缺que錳meng,幼you葉ye為wei淡dan綠lv色se並bing呈cheng現xian細xi小xiao網wang紋wen,隨sui葉ye片pian老lao化hua而er網wang紋wen變bian為wei深shen綠lv色se,而er脈mai間jian為wei淺qian綠lv色se,在zai主zhu脈mai及ji側ce脈mai附fu近jin出chu現xian不bu規gui則ze的de深shen色se條tiao帶dai,嚴yan重zhong時shi,葉ye脈mai間jian呈cheng現xian許xu多duo不bu透tou明ming的de白bai色se斑ban點dian,使shi葉ye片pian呈cheng灰hui色se或huo灰hui白bai色se,繼ji而er部bu分fen病bing斑ban枯ku死si,大da部bu分fen細xi小xiao枝zhi條tiao死si亡wang。蘋ping果guo缺que錳meng,葉ye脈mai間jian失shi綠lv變bian淺qian綠lv色se,兼jian有you斑ban點dian,從cong葉ye緣yuan向xiang中zhong脈mai發fa展zhan。嚴yan重zhong時shi,脈mai間jian變bian褐he色se壞huai死si,葉ye片pian全quan部bu為wei黃huang色se,失shi綠lv遍bian及ji全quan樹shu。
常用的錳肥有硫酸錳、氯化錳和硝酸錳等,生產上常用的是水溶性的硫酸錳,可用作基肥、浸種、banzhongjizhuifei。youyuzuowuquemengzhuyaofashengzaishengyuzaoqieryingxiangshengchang,gumengfeizuihaozaizuowushengchangqianqishiyong。shiyongliusuanmengzuojifeishizuihaoyushenglisuanxingfeiliaopeiheshiyong,yifangmengfeizaiturangzhongbeigudingershiqufeixiao。youyumengrongyiyanghuadengzaochengliyonglvxiajiang,shengchanzhongzuihaoxuanyongaohetaimengfeijinxingyemianshifei,tigaomengfeideshiyongxiaoguo。
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