撒施與條施
撒施一般用於未栽種作物前的農田施基肥,或密度較高的作物生長期間無法采用深施、條施、xueshideng。zuojifeisashiyibanzaigengqianhuogenghoupadiqian,youdianshinengjunyunfenbudaoturanggengzuoceng,youlizuowudegenxizaoqixishouliyong,qiquedianshiheturangguding。zuozhuifeisashishidanfeiyisunshi,linjiafeiyidongshentounenglicha,zaitubiaoshangnanbeizuowugenxixishouliyong。tiaoshiyibanshizaizhongzhizuowuqiancaiyongfencengbozhong,dadaofeiliaozaizhongzihuozhongmiao1-2寸以下,或在作物播種後,開溝深約5-10厘米,施用後覆土。其優點是肥料較集中,土壤固定少,在作物的根係層,有利作物的吸收利用,所以肥效比較高。
穴施
穴施一舯比條施更能使肥料集中施用的方法。一般穴施深約5-10厘li米mi,施shi肥fei後hou覆fu土tu,為wei了le避bi免mian穴xue內nei濃nong度du較jiao高gao的de肥fei料liao傷shang害hai作zuo物wu根gen係xi,采cai用yong穴xue施shi的de有you機ji肥fei須xu預yu先xian充chong分fen腐fu熟shu,化hua肥fei須xu透tou量liang,施shi肥fei穴xue的de們men置zhi和he深shen度du均jun應ying注zhu意yi與yu作zuo物wu根gen係xi保bao持chi適shi當dang的de距ju離li,施shi肥fei後hou覆fu土tu前qian最zui好hao結jie合he灌guan水shui。
輪施輪施
lunshilunshiyibanshiheyuduonianshengmubenzuowu,tebieshiguoshu。lunshiyibanyishuganweiyuanxin,yandishangbushuguanbianjineiduiyingdetianmiankaiwalunzhuangshifeigou,shifeihoufutu,yekeyijianduandiyishuganweiqinwachengduichengde2-4米mi一yi定ding長chang短duan的de月yue牙ya形xing溝gou。施shi肥fei溝gou的de深shen度du隨sui樹shu齡ling大da小xiao和he根gen係xi的de深shen度du而er異yi,一yi般ban以yi施shi至zhi吸xi收shou根gen係xi附fu近jin又you可ke以yi減jian少shao對dui根gen的de傷shang害hai為wei宜yi。施shi肥fei溝gou的de麵mian積ji一yi般ban比bi大da田tian條tiao施shi時shi寬kuan。在zai秋qiu冬dong季ji季ji對dui果guo樹shu施shi用yong大da量liang有you機ji肥fei時shi,也ye可ke結jie合he耕geng地di鬆song土tu在zai樹shu冠guan下xia圓yuan形xing麵mian積ji內nei普pu施shi肥fei料liao。
淋施
淋lin施shi是shi把ba肥fei料liao溶rong解jie於yu水shui中zhong形xing成cheng肥fei溶rong液ye,而er後hou,淋lin入ru作zuo物wu根gen係xi較jiao集ji中zhong的de土tu表biao上shang,其qi主zhu要yao是shi用yong於yu葉ye菜cai類lei的de氮dan肥fei追zhui施shi。對dui於yu磷lin鉀jia肥fei來lai說shuo,因yin移yi動dong性xing較jiao小xiao應ying以yi基ji肥fei為wei主zhu,不bu宜yi用yong淋lin施shi的de方fang法fa,有you一yi少shao部bu分fen也ye能neng達da到dao根gen外wai追zhui肥fei的de目mu的de。
噴施
噴(pen)施(shi)也(ye)叫(jiao)根(gen)外(wai)追(zhui)肥(fei),主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)用(yong)於(yu)徽(hui)量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)肥(fei)料(liao),用(yong)量(liang)比(bi)較(jiao)經(jing)濟(ji),可(ke)避(bi)免(mian)土(tu)壤(rang)固(gu)定(ding),養(yang)分(fen)吸(xi)收(shou)快(kuai),效(xiao)率(lv)高(gao),易(yi)於(yu)控(kong)製(zhi)濃(nong)度(du),減(jian)少(shao)汙(wu)染(ran),在(zai)作(zuo)物(wu)後(hou)期(qi)根(gen)係(xi)吸(xi)收(shou)能(neng)力(li)弱(ruo)時(shi),葉(ye)麵(mian)噴(pen)施(shi)磷(lin)酸(suan)二(er)氫(qing)鉀(jia)溶(rong)液(ye),可(ke)以(yi)補(bu)充(chong)磷(lin)鉀(jia)養(yang)分(fen),有(you)增(zeng)加(jia)粒(li)(磷)重和提高產量的作用。
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總之為提高作物的總產和化肥的利用率,不論采用哪種方式,都要注意有機肥與無機肥配合,氮、磷、鉀按比例平衡供應,重施基肥輕施追肥,根部追肥為主,葉麵噴施為輔。因地因作物因氣候采用上述不同施肥方法。
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