防(fang)黴(mei)捂(wu)。去(qu)年(nian)秋(qiu)花(hua)生(sheng)收(shou)獲(huo)和(he)晾(liang)曬(shai)期(qi),部(bu)分(fen)地(di)方(fang)遭(zao)遇(yu)小(xiao)雨(yu),造(zao)成(cheng)花(hua)生(sheng)晾(liang)曬(shai)和(he)收(shou)獲(huo)不(bu)及(ji)時(shi),花(hua)生(sheng)莢(jia)果(guo)有(you)不(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)度(du)的(de)黴(mei)捂(wu)。花(hua)生(sheng)種(zhong)子(zi)黴(mei)捂(wu)後(hou),發(fa)芽(ya)勢(shi)降(jiang)低(di),出(chu)苗(miao)後(hou)葉(ye)色(se)發(fa)黃(huang)、抗病力降低,花生根莖腐病發病幾率增加。
精選種。在播種前首先對花生莢果進行精選,剔除雜果、爛果、蟲果。其次剝米後按照籽粒的大小進行分等級,將籽粒大的播種在一起,籽粒居中的播在一起,淘汰籽粒小、癟、出芽、黴變的種子。
播bo前qian曬shai種zhong。播bo前qian曬shai果guo能neng夠gou殺sha滅mie莢jia果guo表biao皮pi上shang的de病bing菌jun,增zeng強qiang種zhong皮pi的de透tou水shui性xing,加jia速su種zhong子zi的de吸xi水shui過guo程cheng,促cu進jin酶mei的de活huo性xing,有you利li種zhong子zi內nei養yang分fen的de轉zhuan化hua,提ti高gao種zhong子zi的de發fa芽ya率lv,出chu苗miao整zheng齊qi。種zhong子zi成cheng熟shu度du較jiao差cha和he貯zhu藏zang期qi間jian受shou潮chao,曬shai種zhong的de效xiao果guo更geng顯xian著zhu。經jing曬shai種zhong處chu理li後hou,花hua生sheng提ti早zao出chu苗miao1—2天,可增產10%—15%。選擇晴朗的上午,把花生果攤放在曬場上,厚度1—2寸,連續曬2—3天,要經常翻動,要曬得均勻一致。
晚wan剝bo皮pi。從cong調tiao查zha情qing況kuang看kan,目mu前qian有you好hao多duo農nong戶hu已yi經jing提ti前qian剝bo好hao了le花hua生sheng種zhong子zi,這zhe樣yang做zuo有you很hen多duo不bu利li因yin素su,一yi是shi剝bo好hao皮pi的de種zhong子zi生sheng理li機ji能neng代dai謝xie加jia快kuai,呼hu吸xi加jia快kuai,養yang分fen消xiao耗hao加jia劇ju;二是容易受潮黴變,降低種子的發芽率;三san是shi幹gan燥zao後hou種zhong子zi易yi脫tuo皮pi,造zao成cheng播bo種zhong時shi種zhong子zi破po碎sui率lv增zeng加jia,降jiang低di了le種zhong子zi的de實shi用yong性xing,很hen難nan保bao證zheng花hua生sheng出chu苗miao後hou苗miao全quan。剝bo皮pi最zui好hao在zai花hua生sheng播bo前qian半ban個ge月yue為wei好hao。
藥劑拌種。近年來,花生青枯病、根腐病、莖(jing)腐(fu)病(bing)發(fa)生(sheng)猖(chang)獗(jue),好(hao)多(duo)農(nong)戶(hu)不(bu)知(zhi)道(dao)提(ti)前(qian)處(chu)理(li),而(er)是(shi)等(deng)到(dao)病(bing)害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)時(shi),才(cai)開(kai)始(shi)打(da)藥(yao)防(fang)治(zhi),其(qi)實(shi)這(zhe)時(shi)候(hou)防(fang)治(zhi)已(yi)經(jing)晚(wan)了(le),防(fang)治(zhi)效(xiao)果(guo)不(bu)理(li)想(xiang)。藥(yao)劑(ji)拌(ban)種(zhong)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)投(tou)資(zi)小(xiao),防(fang)治(zhi)效(xiao)果(guo)又(you)較(jiao)為(wei)理(li)想(xiang)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)。因(yin)此(ci)播(bo)種(zhong)時(shi)必(bi)須(xu)拌(ban)種(zhong),拌(ban)種(zhong)劑(ji)要(yao)因(yin)地(di)製(zhi)宜(yi),不(bu)要(yao)盲(mang)目(mu)用(yong)藥(yao)。
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