蟾蜍全身是寶,蟾酥是蟾蜍的頭部耳後腺和北皮膚腺分泌的白色乳漿,是我國傳統的名貴藥材。據《本草綱目》記載,蟾蜍具有退熱、祛濕、殺蟲之功效,是治療疳病、癰疽、諸瘡之要藥。據醫學分析,蟾蜍含有蟾蜍毒素、精氨酸等物質,以及有強心作用的甾體類,臨床應用非常廣泛,有強心、利尿、興奮呼吸、消腫開竅、解毒攻堅、麻(ma)醉(zui)止(zhi)痛(tong)等(deng)功(gong)效(xiao)。以(yi)蟾(chan)酥(su)為(wei)原(yuan)料(liao)製(zhi)作(zuo)的(de)中(zhong)成(cheng)藥(yao)在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)已(yi)達(da)數(shu)十(shi)種(zhong)之(zhi)多(duo),在(zai)國(guo)外(wai)醫(yi)藥(yao)市(shi)場(chang)也(ye)倍(bei)受(shou)青(qing)睞(lai)。近(jin)幾(ji)年(nian),國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)對(dui)蟾(chan)酥(su)的(de)需(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)日(ri)益(yi)增(zeng)加(jia),價(jia)格(ge)一(yi)路(lu)飆(biao)升(sheng),已(yi)由(you)前(qian)年(nian)的(de)每(mei)公(gong)斤(jin)800元升至去年的每公斤1800元。而現在國內蟾酥的收購量僅能達到市場需求量的一半,蟾酥價格仍有上漲趨勢。
蟾蜍身上的表皮稱蟾皮、蟾蛻,據《中草藥大辭典》jizaishiyizhongnengzhieliudengyinanzazhengdebiaopi,zhuyaoyongyuchuangyangzhongsujixiaoerganji,xiandaichangyongzhizhongliu。youjushanghaijiaotongdaxuekangfugongchengyanjiusuocaiyongliangziyixuecedingchanyiyouzhiliaoexingzhongliudexiaoguo,bingduizhiliaoganyinghuafushui、神經痛、yixianbingzhengyouxiao,haiketigaorentimianyili。zaiminjianchangyongyuzhiliaoyangwei,jianxiaoshenkuai。zaiyewaidechanchumeinianyaotuoshushicichanyi,kexiwangwangbeichanchuzijichidiao,renmenhenshaoyoujihuicaijidedao,chufeichanchushengbingshituoxiahouliuzaicaocongzhonghuoluanshiduizhong,fouzejinanjiandao。suiranchanchubianbuquanguogedi,danmuqianzhangwochanyicaijijishuderenhaibijiaoshao,jiashangchanyidutedeyiliaoxiaoguo,yincizaigedayaocaishichangshifenqiangshou。youxiedifangmeizhangchanyideshoujiagaodekedajishiyuan,dideyeyousi、五元。國內已有山東農大、江jiang蘇su南nan通tong等deng有you人ren用yong藥yao物wu刺ci激ji蟾chan蜍chu脫tuo衣yi,每mei年nian使shi蟾chan蜍chu脫tuo衣yi十shi幾ji次ci,可ke惜xi隻zhi是shi碎sui衣yi太tai多duo。據ju浙zhe江jiang南nan寧ning市shi袁yuan花hua工gong商shang所suo殳shu季ji良liang先xian生sheng介jie紹shao,該gai鎮zhen一yi個ge養yang殖zhi戶hu蔣jiang建jian月yue養yang蟾chan蜍chu六liu年nian,發fa現xian了le蟾chan蜍chu用yong二er種zhong天tian然ran元yuan素su激ji發fa後hou每mei隔ge七qi天tian左zuo右you自zi然ran脫tuo衣yi一yi次ci,產chan量liang很hen高gao,而er且qie不bu用yong一yi滴di藥yao物wu去qu刺ci激ji蟾chan蜍chu,碎sui衣yi少shao、整(zheng)衣(yi)率(lv)高(gao),所(suo)取(qu)下(xia)蟾(chan)衣(yi)純(chun)屬(shu)天(tian)然(ran)產(chan)物(wu),不(bu)含(han)汙(wu)染(ran)物(wu),藥(yao)用(yong)價(jia)值(zhi)更(geng)高(gao),而(er)且(qie)不(bu)傷(shang)害(hai)蟾(chan)蜍(chu),起(qi)到(dao)了(le)既(ji)保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu),又(you)采(cai)得(de)純(chun)天(tian)然(ran)藥(yao)用(yong)蟾(chan)衣(yi),還(hai)獲(huo)得(de)可(ke)貴(gui)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi),值(zhi)得(de)提(ti)倡(chang)。
由於現在農林牧副漁生產上大量使用農藥及化肥,致使環境汙染、生態破壞,使蟾蜍數量急劇減少,人工養殖蟾蜍已成趨勢。浙江、上(shang)海(hai)有(you)的(de)養(yang)殖(zhi)場(chang)僅(jin)出(chu)售(shou)蟾(chan)蜍(chu)一(yi)項(xiang)年(nian)產(chan)值(zhi)達(da)數(shu)十(shi)萬(wan)元(yuan)。蟾(chan)蜍(chu)對(dui)棲(qi)息(xi)環(huan)境(jing)要(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)高(gao),養(yang)殖(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)十(shi)分(fen)簡(jian)單(dan),幾(ji)乎(hu)不(bu)需(xu)求(qiu)飼(si)料(liao)成(cheng)本(ben),飼(si)養(yang)場(chang)內(nei)掛(gua)上(shang)電(dian)燈(deng)引(yin)誘(you)昆(kun)蟲(chong)讓(rang)其(qi)自(zi)食(shi)即(ji)可(ke)。蟾(chan)蜍(chu)繁(fan)殖(zhi)率(lv)高(gao),一(yi)對(dui)蟾(chan)蜍(chu)一(yi)年(nian)可(ke)產(chan)卵(luan)3千粒左右。如果能實現規模化養殖,再掌握蟾酥提取、蟾衣采集及加工等技術,其經濟效益可謂不小。
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