1.因魚適時適量施肥
精養池以養殖鰱魚、鱅魚等肥水性魚類為主或水質較瘦的池塘,每月每畝可施入300~400千克牛糞、豬糞等有機肥,應做到少施、勻施、勤施,按月施用量分次施入,每畝每次施用有機肥50~100千克。施入前應用糞汁和水全塘均勻潑灑,以使魚塘水色呈黃褐色或油綠色,水麵無油膜,透明度保持在20~30厘米;采用無機肥作為春季追肥的,氮、磷比例1:1,早春每月可施肥2~3次,每畝每次用量3~5千克,每次可分2~3天施完。晚春每月施肥4~6次,每畝每次用量2.5~4千克。隨著魚類的攝食,每當塘水肥度下降、透明度大於30厘米時立即再施肥。非主養鰱魚、鱅魚等肥水性魚類的魚塘,由於投喂飼料,春季施肥量須相應減少,使透明度保持在30~40厘米。精養高產鯉魚、草魚為主的魚塘及優質魚類養殖池即使混養了部分鰱魚、鱅魚,春季一般也不施肥。
2.肥料的搭配
氮、磷lin無wu機ji肥fei可ke搭da配pei兼jian施shi,效xiao果guo更geng好hao。有you機ji肥fei與yu無wu機ji肥fei最zui好hao交jiao替ti結jie合he使shi用yong。應ying根gen據ju水shui色se追zhui施shi肥fei料liao,水shui色se淡dan時shi追zhui施shi有you機ji肥fei,水shui色se濃nong時shi追zhui施shi化hua肥fei。無wu論lun采cai用yong何he種zhong肥fei料liao搭da配pei,應ying避bi免mian堿jian性xing肥fei料liao與yu酸suan性xing肥fei料liao同tong時shi混hun合he施shi用yong。另ling外wai,根gen據ju水shui溫wen的de變bian化hua調tiao整zheng有you機ji肥fei與yu無wu機ji肥fei的de使shi用yong量liang,早zao春chun應ying以yi有you機ji肥fei為wei主zhu,以yi後hou逐zhu漸jian減jian少shao有you機ji肥fei施shi用yong量liang,增zeng加jia無wu機ji肥fei施shi用yong量liang,直zhi到dao晚wan春chun全quan部bu改gai施shi無wu機ji肥fei。
3.施用的有機肥應充分發酵,無機肥應充分溶解
yutangshiyongjingguochongfenfajiaofushudeyoujifei,kejiaokuaidifahuifeixiao。tongshijingguofajiaodeyoujifei,qiyoujiwuchubufenjie,keyijiangdishiruhouyoujiwudefenjieliang,jianshaoshuizhongrongyangdexiaohao。wujifeiyingjiashuichongfenrongjiehou,caiyongjunyunposahuoyongpenwuqipensafangfa,yitigaoshifeixiaoguo。
4.施肥時間段的選擇
要避免在陰雨天施肥。在連續2~3天晴朗天氣的上午施用有機肥,能最快、最(zui)好(hao)地(di)促(cu)進(jin)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)繁(fan)殖(zhi),最(zui)大(da)程(cheng)度(du)地(di)降(jiang)低(di)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)料(liao)對(dui)水(shui)質(zhi)的(de)汙(wu)染(ran)。施(shi)用(yong)化(hua)肥(fei)時(shi),應(ying)先(xian)施(shi)磷(lin)肥(fei)後(hou)施(shi)氮(dan)肥(fei),比(bi)如(ru)先(xian)施(shi)過(guo)磷(lin)酸(suan)鈣(gai),後(hou)施(shi)尿(niao)素(su),順(shun)序(xu)不(bu)能(neng)顛(dian)倒(dao),也(ye)不(bu)能(neng)同(tong)時(shi)施(shi)用(yong)。為(wei)提(ti)高(gao)肥(fei)效(xiao),化(hua)肥(fei)施(shi)用(yong)時(shi),以(yi)水(shui)溫(wen)20℃~30℃為宜,以25℃~30℃最佳,春季化肥施用宜選在溫度較高的晴天中午。
5.施肥要與定期換水相結合
要定期換注新水,以免魚塘水質過肥,始終保持水質“肥、活、嫩、爽”。
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