其工藝流程如下:原料預處理--浸泡--破碎和磨碎--過篩--流槽分離--堿、酸處理和清洗--離心分離和幹燥
其生產過程如下:
1、原料預處理:鮮(xian)紅(hong)薯(shu)收(shou)獲(huo)後(hou),通(tong)常(chang)將(jiang)它(ta)切(qie)成(cheng)片(pian)狀(zhuang)或(huo)絲(si)狀(zhuang),經(jing)過(guo)日(ri)曬(shai)或(huo)火(huo)力(li)幹(gan)燥(zao)後(hou),製(zhi)成(cheng)紅(hong)薯(shu)幹(gan)。這(zhe)種(zhong)紅(hong)薯(shu)幹(gan)在(zai)加(jia)工(gong)和(he)運(yun)輸(shu)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)不(bu)可(ke)避(bi)免(mian)混(hun)入(ru)各(ge)種(zhong)雜(za)質(zhi),所以必須經過預處理。預處理有幹法和濕法兩種。幹法是采用篩選設備和風選設備。濕法處理是用洗滌機或洗滌桶。
2、浸泡:為了提高澱粉出率可以采用堿水浸泡。一般用飽和石灰乳或1%稀堿液加入浸泡水,使pH值為10~11.浸泡時間約12小時,溫度控製在35~40攝氏度。浸泡後,甘薯片含水量為60%.
3、破碎和磨碎:浸(jin)泡(pao)後(hou)的(de)甘(gan)薯(shu)片(pian)隨(sui)水(shui)進(jin)入(ru)錘(chui)片(pian)式(shi)粉(fen)碎(sui)機(ji)進(jin)行(xing)破(po)碎(sui),達(da)到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)細(xi)度(du),穿(chuan)過(guo)篩(shai)孔(kong)排(pai)出(chu)機(ji)外(wai)。薯(shu)幹(gan)在(zai)粉(fen)碎(sui)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)瞬(shun)時(shi)溫(wen)度(du)升(sheng)高(gao),部(bu)分(fen)澱(dian)粉(fen)易(yi)受(shou)熱(re)糊(hu)化(hua),以(yi)致(zhi)在(zai)過(guo)篩(shai)時(shi),影(ying)響(xiang)澱(dian)粉(fen)和(he)薯(shu)渣(zha)的(de)分(fen)離(li);zailiucaofenlishiyoubuyichendian,daozhicifenzengjia,yingxianghaofenchanchulv。weilefangzhiyicifensuichuliyishidianfenhuhua,keyicaiyongliangdaofensui,fendaoguoshaidegongyiliucheng。jishuganjingdiyidaofensui,jinxingguoshai,ranhoujingdierdaofensuichuli,zaixingguoshai。zaifensuiguochengzhong,weiledishunshiwensheng,genjugedaofensuilidubutong,tiaozhengfenjiangnongdu,toudaowei3~3.5波美度,二道為2~2.5波美度。同時采用均料器控製紅薯幹的進量,均衡粉漿,避免粉碎機的過載現象,也利於流槽分離。
4、過篩:紅hong薯shu幹gan經jing過guo粉fen碎sui後hou得de到dao的de紅hong薯shu糊hu又you稱cheng料liao液ye,必bi須xu進jin行xing過guo篩shai,分fen離li出chu渣zha子zi,即ji纖xian維wei。通tong常chang采cai用yong平ping搖yao篩shai,料liao液ye進jin入ru篩shai麵mian,要yao求qiu均jun勻yun過guo篩shai,不bu斷duan淋lin水shui,澱dian粉fen隨sui水shui穿chuan過guo篩shai孔kong進jin入ru存cun漿jiang池chi,而er渣zha子zi留liu存cun在zai篩shai麵mian上shang從cong篩shai尾wei排pai出chu。篩shai布bu為wei120目(mu)尼(ni)龍(long)布(bu)。在(zai)過(guo)篩(shai)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),由(you)於(yu)料(liao)液(ye)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)果(guo)膠(jiao)等(deng)粘(zhan)稠(chou)物(wu)質(zhi)滯(zhi)留(liu)在(zai)篩(shai)麵(mian)上(shang),影(ying)響(xiang)篩(shai)子(zi)的(de)分(fen)離(li)效(xiao)果(guo),因(yin)此(ci),篩(shai)布(bu)應(ying)經(jing)常(chang)洗(xi)刷(shua),以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)篩(shai)孔(kong)暢(chang)通(tong)。
5、流槽分離:jingguojingshaichulihoudedianfen,muqianyibancaiyongliucaofenlidanbaizhi。tadeyoudianshijianzaorongyi,shaoyonggangcai,jieshengdongneng,caozuoyejiaowending。quedianshizhandida,jianxiecaozuo,fenlixiaolvdi,dianfensunshida,laodongtiaojiancha。
6、堿、酸處理和清洗:為了進一步提高澱粉純度,在清洗澱粉過程中,還要經過堿、酸處理。澱粉堿、酸處理和清洗都是在帶有攪拌裝置的水泥池內進行,水泥池的大小根據生產能力確定,攪拌器轉速為60轉/分左右。由流槽來的澱粉乳,先經堿處理,目的是清除澱粉中堿溶蛋白質和果膠等雜質。堿處理的方法是將1波美度的稀堿液,緩慢地加入澱粉乳內,控製pH值為12,同(tong)時(shi)啟(qi)動(dong)攪(jiao)拌(ban)器(qi),充(chong)分(fen)混(hun)合(he)均(jun)勻(yun),經(jing)半(ban)小(xiao)時(shi)後(hou),停(ting)止(zhi)攪(jiao)拌(ban),待(dai)澱(dian)粉(fen)完(wan)全(quan)沉(chen)澱(dian)後(hou),排(pai)出(chu)上(shang)層(ceng)廢(fei)液(ye),並(bing)注(zhu)入(ru)清(qing)水(shui)清(qing)兩(liang)次(ci),使(shi)它(ta)接(jie)近(jin)中(zhong)性(xing)即(ji)可(ke)。在(zai)堿(jian)處(chu)理(li)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),還(hai)可(ke)加(jia)入(ru)濃(nong)度(du)為(wei)35波美度的次氯酸鈉液,用量不超幹基澱粉重量的0.4%.因為次氯酸鈉是一種強氧化劑,具有較強的漂白和殺菌作用,以致能達到增白和防腐的目的。經過堿、cilvsuannachuliheqingxihoudedianfenzaijingsuanchuli,qimudeshirongjiesuanrongdanbai,zhonghejianchulishicanliudejianxing,haikeyizhiweishengwudehuodonghefanzhi。suanchulikeyonggongyeyansuan,caozuoshiyebixuhuanhuandijiaru,chongfenjiaoban,kongzhidianfenrudepH值為3左zuo右you,防fang止zhi局ju部bu過guo酸suan,造zao成cheng澱dian粉fen損sun失shi。加jia酸suan後hou的de澱dian粉fen乳ru用yong堿jian處chu理li的de同tong樣yang操cao作zuo方fang法fa使shi澱dian粉fen沉chen澱dian,除chu去qu上shang層ceng廢fei液ye,加jia水shui清qing洗xi,最zui後hou使shi澱dian粉fen呈cheng微wei酸suan性xingpH值為6左右,以利於澱粉的貯存與運輸。
7、離心分離和幹燥:清洗後得到的澱粉含水分很高,必須先經離心分離機脫水處理,使澱粉水分含量下降到45%以(yi)下(xia)。有(you)些(xie)工(gong)廠(chang)直(zhi)接(jie)作(zuo)為(wei)濕(shi)澱(dian)粉(fen)出(chu)廠(chang)或(huo)使(shi)用(yong)。為(wei)了(le)有(you)利(li)於(yu)貯(zhu)藏(zang)和(he)運(yun)輸(shu),脫(tuo)水(shui)後(hou)的(de)濕(shi)澱(dian)粉(fen)需(xu)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)幹(gan)燥(zao),達(da)到(dao)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)澱(dian)粉(fen)含(han)水(shui)量(liang)。通(tong)常(chang)紅(hong)薯(shu)澱(dian)粉(fen)的(de)水(shui)分(fen)為(wei)12%~13%.澱粉幹燥可采用氣流幹燥,因為它具有幹燥速度快、效率高、設備生產能力高和設備造價較低等優點。
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