新xin鮮xian蛇she毒du液ye有you些xie混hun濁zhuo,經jing離li心xin作zuo用yong,去qu掉diao其qi中zhong的de細xi胞bao碎sui片pian可ke得de到dao清qing徹che的de淡dan黃huang色se或huo白bai色se液ye體ti。由you於yu蛇she毒du中zhong含han有you多duo種zhong毒du素su蛋dan白bai和he酶mei類lei,在zai常chang溫wen下xia很hen容rong易yi變bian質zhi,使shi酶mei活huo性xing降jiang低di,甚shen至zhi完wan全quan失shi活huo。即ji使shi將jiang毒du液ye放fang入ru冰bing箱xiang或huo冰bing壺hu內nei,最zui長chang也ye隻zhi能neng保bao存cun 4小時。因此,采毒後應立即加工成幹毒,以便於長期保存。幹毒的加工方法有兩種。
1.常溫真空幹燥法 將jiang經jing過guo離li心xin的de冷leng藏zang或huo新xin鮮xian毒du液ye裝zhuang入ru較jiao大da的de玻bo璃li平ping皿min內nei,迅xun速su移yi入ru事shi先xian在zai下xia層ceng裝zhuang有you五wu氧yang化hua二er磷lin幹gan燥zao劑ji的de真zhen空kong幹gan燥zao器qi內nei,密mi封feng後hou立li即ji開kai動dong真zhen空kong泵beng,使shi毒du液ye在zai真zhen空kong條tiao件jian下xia蒸zheng發fa幹gan燥zao,蒸zheng發fa的de水shui分fen被bei五wu氧yang化hua二er磷lin吸xi收shou。毒du液ye表biao麵mian因yin水shui分fen蒸zheng發fa快kuai而er會hui使shi毒du液ye外wai濺jian,因yin此ci.在(zai)抽(chou)氣(qi)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)應(ying)時(shi)刻(ke)觀(guan)察(cha)毒(du)液(ye)的(de)蒸(zheng)發(fa)情(qing)況(kuang),當(dang)產(chan)生(sheng)較(jiao)多(duo)氣(qi)泡(pao)時(shi)就(jiu)及(ji)時(shi)關(guan)閉(bi)排(pai)氣(qi)閥(fa),停(ting)止(zhi)抽(chou)氣(qi),待(dai)氣(qi)泡(pao)消(xiao)失(shi)後(hou)再(zai)繼(ji)續(xu)抽(chou)氣(qi),如(ru)此(ci)反(fan)複(fu)直(zhi)至(zhi)不(bu)再(zai)產(chan)生(sheng)氣(qi)泡(pao),蛇(she)毒(du)表(biao)麵(mian)發(fa)生(sheng)“龜裂”時先關閉排氣閥,後關閉真空泵(若先關真空泵,空氣迅速倒流,會將泵內機油帶入,造成蛇毒汙染),再在真空狀態下靜止1小xiao時shi,使shi蛇she毒du徹che底di幹gan燥zao。然ran後hou漸jian漸jian打da開kai排pai氣qi閥fa,待dai幹gan燥zao器qi內nei外wai氣qi壓ya平ping衡heng後hou方fang可ke揭jie蓋gai取qu毒du。這zhe種zhong方fang法fa簡jian便bian易yi行xing,速su度du快kuai,成cheng本ben低di,幹gan燥zao的de蛇she毒du為wei鬆song脆cui易yi碎sui的de半ban透tou明ming顆ke粒li狀zhuang。缺que點dian是shi在zai幹gan燥zao過guo程cheng中zhong或huo多duo或huo少shao會hui降jiang低di酶mei活huo性xing。
2.低溫真空幹燥法 jiangjingguolixindelengzanghuoxinxiansheduyirudiwenzhongkongganzaoqihou,xiandakaizhilengzhuangzhi,daiqijiebinghouzaidakaizhenkongbeng,chouqiganzao。yongzhezhongfangfaganzaodeshedu,hanshuiliangxiao,meihuoliqiang,zhilianghao,shimuqianbijiaolixiangdeyizhongshedujiagongfangfa。
幹蛇毒大多呈淡黃色,少數呈乳白色、淡灰色或金黃色,可以長期存放。有人發現,保存20年(nian)的(de)蛇(she)毒(du),其(qi)毒(du)力(li)變(bian)化(hua)不(bu)大(da)。但(dan)幹(gan)蛇(she)毒(du)有(you)較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)吸(xi)水(shui)性(xing),不(bu)耐(nai)熱(re),在(zai)潮(chao)濕(shi)的(de)空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)或(huo)高(gao)溫(wen)強(qiang)光(guang)下(xia),均(jun)易(yi)變(bian)質(zhi)失(shi)去(qu)活(huo)性(xing),因(yin)此(ci)必(bi)須(xu)注(zhu)意(yi)防(fang)潮(chao)、避光、避高溫保存。一般將幹燥好的蛇毒裝入幹淨滅菌的帶皮塞玻璃瓶或磨口瓶,熔封瓶口,標記上蛇毒種類、重量、批號及采毒日期和幹燥方法等,進行避光包裝後放置室內陰涼處或冰箱內冷藏保存。
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