(4)按生產線設置控製點
當dang前qian一yi些xie組zu織zhi設she置zhi的de控kong製zhi點dian不bu僅jin數shu量liang很hen少shao,不bu能neng真zhen正zheng起qi到dao控kong製zhi作zuo用yong,而er且qie常chang常chang散san布bu在zai許xu多duo車che間jian和he許xu多duo產chan品pin上shang。他ta們men所suo以yi要yao這zhe樣yang設she置zhi控kong製zhi點dian,主zhu要yao是shi考kao慮lv這zhe些xie過guo程cheng上shang的de設she備bei、工gong裝zhuang檢jian測ce條tiao件jian較jiao好hao,有you關guan人ren員yuan也ye比bi較jiao重zhong視shi。但dan這zhe樣yang設she置zhi控kong製zhi點dian隻zhi能neng起qi到dao應ying付fu檢jian查zha的de作zuo用yong,而er不bu能neng真zhen正zheng起qi到dao控kong製zhi產chan品pin質zhi量liang的de作zuo用yong,因yin此ci就jiu不bu能neng產chan生sheng過guo程cheng控kong製zhi的de實shi效xiao。
設置控製點要有計劃、有(you)目(mu)的(de)地(di)進(jin)行(xing)。在(zai)推(tui)行(xing)過(guo)程(cheng)控(kong)製(zhi)時(shi),一(yi)般(ban)應(ying)按(an)產(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian),逐(zhu)條(tiao)地(di)建(jian)立(li)過(guo)程(cheng)控(kong)製(zhi),按(an)照(zhao)建(jian)點(dian)原(yuan)則(ze)對(dui)所(suo)有(you)應(ying)當(dang)重(zhong)點(dian)控(kong)製(zhi)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)特(te)性(xing)全(quan)麵(mian)設(she)置(zhi)控(kong)製(zhi)點(dian)。一(yi)個(ge)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)控(kong)製(zhi)點(dian)建(jian)立(li)健(jian)全(quan)了(le),運(yun)行(xing)正(zheng)常(chang)了(le),然(ran)後(hou)再(zai)搞(gao)其(qi)他(ta)產(chan)品(pin)。這(zhe)樣(yang)做(zuo),既(ji)能(neng)集(ji)中(zhong)兵(bing)力(li),而(er)且(qie)過(guo)程(cheng)控(kong)製(zhi)的(de)效(xiao)果(guo)也(ye)能(neng)充(chong)分(fen)顯(xian)露(lu)出(chu)來(lai),為(wei)在(zai)其(qi)他(ta)產(chan)品(pin)上(shang)開(kai)展(zhan)過(guo)程(cheng)控(kong)製(zhi)起(qi)到(dao)“樣板”的作用。
設置控製點還要突出重點管理的原則。一般說來,應當首先在主導產品、創優產品、出口產品、liangdamianguangdechanpinshangjianlikongzhidian。jiuyigezhongdianchanpinlaishuo,yingshouxianduiqiguanjianlingjianxuanzeqiguanjianguochengdeguanjianzhiliangtexingjinxingzhongdiankongzhi。zheyangzuocainengzhengquediquedingkongzhidian。
(5)控製點應設置在形成指定質量特性的過程上
質量特性是經過多個過程逐步形成的,控製點應設在形成質量特性的關鍵過程上 。這包括:一是最終形成該質量特性的過程上,二是直接影響質量特性的預備過程上,但不能設在與該質量特性無關的過程上。
例如,為確保氣缸孔的幾何形狀精度(錐度、圓度),應在氣缸孔精鏜過程上設置控製點,而不應設在氣缸孔研磨過程上。
(6)關於在檢測點上設置控製點的問題
有you些xie產chan品pin在zai其qi工gong藝yi流liu程cheng中zhong設she有you檢jian測ce點dian,用yong以yi檢jian查zha產chan品pin質zhi量liang特te性xing是shi否fou達da到dao設she計ji一yi要yao求qiu但dan有you些xie組zu織zhi把ba檢jian測ce點dian一yi律lv當dang成cheng控kong製zhi點dian,這zhe種zhong作zuo法fa是shi否fou合he適shi還hai要yao做zuo具ju體ti分fen析xi。
一般說來,產品流到檢測點時,其質量特性早已形成而檢測點又無法控製影響質量的因素,隻能判定產品質量的“結果”。在這種情況下,將該檢測點當成控製點,實際上無法進行過程控製,這樣設置控製點是不正確的。
但在下述情況下,也可在檢測點上設置控製點:
①在zai形xing成cheng產chan品pin質zhi量liang特te性xing的de過guo程cheng上shang無wu法fa判pan斷duan該gai質zhi量liang特te性xing的de實shi際ji水shui平ping,而er隻zhi能neng在zai其qi後hou的de檢jian測ce過guo程cheng上shang判pan斷duan時shi,可ke在zai該gai檢jian測ce點dian上shang設she置zhi控kong製zhi點dian,但dan必bi須xu同tong時shi建jian立li直zhi接jie的de信xin息xi反fan饋kui渠qu道dao,將jiang兩liang者zhe通tong過guo“熱線”lianxiqilai,yibianbajiancejieguojishidifankuigeixingchenggaizhiliangtexingdeguocheng,yougaiguochengliyongzhexiexinxi,caiqucuoshi,kongzhiyutiaozhengyinsu,baozhengshizhijingchangchuyuwendingzhuangtai。
例如,散熱器的漏水率是其重要的質量特性,但是否漏水決定於芯子的烘焊,主片浸焊,上、下水室分總成焊接以及散熱器總成焊接這五道焊接過程而這些過程的產品質量好壞都不易在本過程上發現,隻能在其後的總成試驗(試漏過程)上(shang)才(cai)能(neng)做(zuo)出(chu)判(pan)斷(duan)。在(zai)試(shi)漏(lou)過(guo)程(cheng)上(shang)設(she)置(zhi)控(kong)製(zhi)點(dian),雖(sui)然(ran)不(bu)能(neng)直(zhi)接(jie)控(kong)製(zhi)影(ying)響(xiang)因(yin)素(su),但(dan)可(ke)提(ti)供(gong)散(san)熱(re)器(qi)是(shi)否(fou)漏(lou)水(shui)的(de)部(bu)位(wei)和(he)頻(pin)率(lv)的(de)信(xin)息(xi),然(ran)後(hou)通(tong)過(guo)直(zhi)接(jie)的(de)“熱線”jiangzhexiexinxijishidifankuigeigeyouguanhanjieguocheng,shizerenzhezhangwobenguochengchanpinzhiliangdeyoulie,bingtongguotongjidedingliangfenxi,zhaochuyingxianghanjiezhiliangdezhuyaoyuanyin,caiquxiangyingcuoshi,tiaozhenghekongzhiyouguanyinsu,shichanpinzhiliangchuyuwendingzhuangtai,zheyangyekedadaoguochengzhiliangkongzhidemude
②在產品質量特性是在手工操作的過程形成的情況下,也可在檢測點上設置控製點。
例如,蓄電池的裝配一般是用手工裝配的,裝配後另設檢測點,檢查是否出現反極、短路、duanludengquexian。zaishougongzhuangpeidetiaojianxia,yingxiangchanpinzhiliangdezhudaoxingyinsushirendeyinsu,erqitayinsuzechangchangbushizhuyaode。danrenshizuinankongzhideyinsu,chuzhidingzuoyezhidaoshu,yangegongyijilv,jiaqiangpeixun,tigaozhiliangyishihecaozuojinengyiwai,jihubiewutafa。lingyifangmian,zhuangpeishicaozuozhequewufazixingpanduanqizhuangpeizhiliangdehaohuai。eryaokongzhirendecaozuozhiliang,jiubixuyijuzhuangpeihoujiancediansuofankuidezhiliangxinxi,youcaozuozhejinxingziwokongzhi,cainengbaozhengchanpinzhiliangdewendingxing。yinci,zaizhezhongqingkuangxia,runengzaizhuangpeiguochengyujiancedianzhijianshezhizhijiedexinxifankuiqudao,jiukezaigaijiancedianshezhikongzhidian。
③youxiejiancedianyouyujianceshebeihejiancefangfabijiaofuza,weikongzhijiancezhiliang,duiyingxiangjiancejingdudezhuyinsuyefenbiejianlikongzhixiangmu。cizhongqingkuangxia,gaijiancedianyekeshezhikongzhidian。danguochengkongzhidemudezaiyubaozhengchanpinzhiliang,ruonengjiangjiancediansuodejiancejieguoyuxingchenggaizhiliangtexingdeqianmiandeguochengtongguoxinxifankuiqudaolianxiqilai,zenengqidaoshibangongbeidexiaoguo。
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