仙(xian)人(ren)掌(zhang)類(lei)花(hua)卉(hui)適(shi)應(ying)性(xing)強(qiang),易(yi)於(yu)栽(zai)培(pei)管(guan)理(li)。但(dan)在(zai)栽(zai)植(zhi)時(shi),最(zui)易(yi)受(shou)到(dao)腐(fu)爛(lan)病(bing)的(de)危(wei)害(hai)。播(bo)種(zhong)的(de)小(xiao)苗(miao)易(yi)腐(fu)爛(lan),嫁(jia)接(jie)不(bu)活(huo)易(yi)腐(fu)爛(lan),扡(qian)插(cha)不(bu)活(huo)也(ye)易(yi)腐(fu)爛(lan),成(cheng)形(xing)植(zhi)株(zhu)有(you)時(shi)也(ye)會(hui)突(tu)然(ran)腐(fu)爛(lan)。
腐爛病發生原因歸納起來主要是兩大類原因,一類是病理性的;lingyileishishenglixingde。binglixingfulanyouzhibingjunganranyinqi,turanghezhouweihuanjing,shuihefeiliao,haiyoufanzhishiyongdegongju,douyouzhibingxijunhezhenjuncunzai,ruguobuzhuyixiaodushajun,bingjunjiuhenrongyizaituranghehuanjingzhongdaliangfanzhi,bingcongrenweizaochengdeshangkoukaishiweihai。zhexieshangkoutongchangshibingjunqinrude“通道”。當環境條件有利於病菌大量繁殖時,植株特別是小苗常成批地大量迅速死亡。
引起仙人掌類花卉發生腐爛病的生理性原因有以下幾種:一是盆土過濕。仙人掌類植物喜排水良好、透氣性強,含石灰質的砂壤土。若盆土排水、透(tou)氣(qi)不(bu)良(liang),土(tu)壤(rang)過(guo)度(du)潮(chao)濕(shi),很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)導(dao)致(zhi)根(gen)係(xi)組(zu)織(zhi)腐(fu)爛(lan)壞(huai)死(si)。如(ru)不(bu)及(ji)時(shi)處(chu)理(li),會(hui)使(shi)全(quan)株(zhu)死(si)亡(wang)。若(ruo)持(chi)續(xu)過(guo)度(du)潮(chao)濕(shi),仙(xian)人(ren)掌(zhang)類(lei)花(hua)卉(hui)會(hui)遭(zao)致(zhi)病(bing)菌(jun)的(de)感(gan)染(ran),這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)仙(xian)人(ren)掌(zhang)類(lei)花(hua)卉(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)爛(lan)莖(jing)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)原(yuan)因(yin)。二(er)是(shi)施(shi)肥(fei)過(guo)量(liang)。施(shi)用(yong)氮(dan)肥(fei)過(guo)多(duo)或(huo)施(shi)用(yong)未(wei)經(jing)腐(fu)熟(shu)的(de)肥(fei)料(liao)以(yi)及(ji)在(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)與(yu)冬(dong)季(ji)休(xiu)眠(mian)期(qi)施(shi)肥(fei),極(ji)易(yi)發(fa)生(sheng)腐(fu)爛(lan)。三(san)是(shi)過(guo)分(fen)遮(zhe)蔭(yin)。植(zhi)株(zhu)得(de)不(bu)到(dao)充(chong)足(zu)的(de)光(guang)照(zhao),致(zhi)使(shi)植(zhi)株(zhu)生(sheng)長(chang)不(bu)良(liang),長(chang)勢(shi)衰(shuai)弱(ruo),易(yi)受(shou)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)的(de)侵(qin)襲(xi)。如(ru)通(tong)風(feng)不(bu)良(liang),會(hui)使(shi)盆(pen)土(tu)長(chang)期(qi)過(guo)濕(shi)而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)爛(lan)根(gen)等(deng)。
腐(fu)爛(lan)病(bing)的(de)防(fang)治(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)。一(yi)是(shi)改(gai)善(shan)栽(zai)培(pei)場(chang)所(suo)環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)。仙(xian)人(ren)掌(zhang)類(lei)花(hua)卉(hui)喜(xi)光(guang)照(zhao)充(chong)足(zu)的(de)環(huan)境(jing),但(dan)不(bu)能(neng)暴(bao)曬(shai),夏(xia)季(ji)中(zhong)午(wu)應(ying)適(shi)當(dang)遮(zhe)蔭(yin),但(dan)在(zai)冬(dong)季(ji)應(ying)盡(jin)量(liang)放(fang)在(zai)見(jian)光(guang)的(de)地(di)方(fang),切(qie)不(bu)可(ke)置(zhi)於(yu)陰(yin)暗(an)的(de)角(jiao)落(luo)。生(sheng)長(chang)環(huan)境(jing)最(zui)好(hao)是(shi)幹(gan)淨(jing)、通風良好、光線充足、溫(wen)度(du)適(shi)中(zhong),這(zhe)樣(yang)病(bing)原(yuan)菌(jun)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)和(he)蔓(man)延(yan)可(ke)大(da)大(da)減(jian)少(shao)。二(er)是(shi)加(jia)強(qiang)栽(zai)培(pei)管(guan)理(li)。首(shou)先(xian)是(shi)合(he)理(li)澆(jiao)水(shui)。進(jin)入(ru)生(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)澆(jiao)水(shui),做(zuo)到(dao)不(bu)幹(gan)不(bu)澆(jiao),澆(jiao)則(ze)澆(jiao)透(tou)。對(dui)仙(xian)人(ren)球(qiu)類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu),不(bu)能(neng)將(jiang)水(shui)傾(qing)注(zhu)入(ru)植(zhi)株(zhu)的(de)凹(ao)處(chu)。最(zui)好(hao)在(zai)傍(bang)晚(wan)澆(jiao)水(shui),切(qie)忌(ji)於(yu)中(zhong)午(wu)或(huo)在(zai)烈(lie)日(ri)下(xia)澆(jiao)水(shui)。其(qi)次(ci)是(shi)適(shi)時(shi)適(shi)量(liang)施(shi)肥(fei),生(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)一(yi)般(ban)半(ban)月(yue)左(zuo)右(you)施(shi)肥(fei)1次ci,入ru秋qiu以yi後hou應ying節jie製zhi施shi肥fei,冬dong季ji休xiu眠mian期qi及ji夏xia季ji高gao溫wen季ji節jie停ting止zhi施shi肥fei,施shi肥fei濃nong度du不bu宜yi過guo大da,做zuo到dao薄bo肥fei勤qin施shi。施shi用yong有you機ji肥fei,要yao經jing過guo腐fu熟shu及ji稀xi釋shi後hou才cai能neng使shi用yong。三san是shi一yi旦dan發fa現xian植zhi株zhu上shang有you局ju部bu感gan病bing造zao成cheng的de黃huang褐he色se軟ruan腐fu點dian,應ying立li即ji將jiang它ta挖wa除chu,並bing將jiang鄰lin近jin的de健jian康kang組zu織zhi也ye挖wa掉diao一yi部bu分fen,然ran後hou塗tu以yi木mu炭tan粉fen或huo硫liu磺huang粉fen,晾liang幹gan傷shang口kou並bing隔ge離li栽zai培pei一yi段duan時shi間jian。當dang局ju部bu腐fu爛lan的de部bu分fen較jiao大da時shi可ke將jiang尚shang健jian的de一yi部bu分fen切qie下xia來lai扡qian插cha或huo嫁jia接jie。由you於yu感gan病bing植zhi株zhu周zhou圍wei的de植zhi株zhu有you可ke能neng再zai被bei感gan染ran,應ying立li即ji噴pen多duo菌jun靈ling、tuobujinfangzhi,bingjiaqianghuanjingtongfeng。sishiyouxiedaxingzhizhubenlaishengchanglianghao,zhizhuzuzhijinmi,dangbeihaichonghuoqitayuanyinzaochenggenxisunshanghou,waibiaoshangyoushikanbuchubianhua,danshijianyichangjiuhuizhujianshuairuo,zuihoufashengfulan。yinci,zaizaipeizhongyingzhuyiguancha,faxianpenneihaichongjiaoduohuojiaoshuihoupentuchichibuganshi,jiuyinghuaiyizhiwugenxiyouwenti。zheshituopenjianzhahaiyouwanjiudekeneng。dingqizaizhizhushanghuozhouweihuanjingpensashajunji,duiyufangfulanbingdefashengyouyidingdezuoyong,changyongdeshajunjiyou0.15%至0.35%濃度的代森鋅,或0.1%濃度的多菌靈、托布津等。
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