受旱的稻田,宜采用節水灌溉方法。首先,要滿足移栽後的緩苗水,之後應先濕潤灌溉,田麵不留水層,待水量充足後再采取淺水灌溉;qici,yaomanzuyunsuishui,yinweiyunsuiqishishuidaoyishengzhongxushuidelinjieqi,duiganhanzuiweimingan,ciqirushouhanhuiyinqidaliangyinghuabaiyu,congerjianshaozongyinghuashuhehuafenlifayubuquan,shiqichousuihoubunengshoujingerchengweikongke,zhijieyingxiangchanlianghezhiliang。
抓緊中耕、及ji時shi追zhui肥fei。天tian旱han時shi,如ru田tian麵mian尚shang未wei完wan全quan幹gan涸he,就jiu要yao抓zhua緊jin中zhong耕geng除chu草cao。這zhe樣yang既ji有you利li於yu根gen係xi發fa育yu,減jian少shao蒸zheng發fa,增zeng強qiang水shui稻dao的de耐nai旱han力li,又you可ke防fang止zhi田tian裏li的de雜za草cao爭zheng奪duo水shui分fen及ji養yang料liao。另ling外wai,高gao溫wen幹gan旱han也ye影ying響xiang水shui稻dao的de吸xi肥fei能neng力li,致zhi使shi水shui稻dao生sheng育yu受shou抑yi製zhi,因yin此ci應ying結jie合he中zhong耕geng灌guan水shui,抓zhua緊jin追zhui施shi氮dan肥fei及ji複fu合he肥fei。如ru苗miao數shu不bu足zu,灌guan水shui後hou葉ye片pian轉zhuan色se不bu明ming顯xian,葉ye色se仍reng偏pian黃huang,應ying增zeng加jia用yong肥fei量liang,後hou期qi應ying施shi好hao穗sui粒li肥fei。灌guan水shui較jiao晚wan的de地di塊kuai,應ying先xian施shi恢hui複fu生sheng長chang肥fei,再zai重zhong施shi粒li肥fei,以yi減jian少shao穎ying花hua退tui化hua,促cu進jin灌guan漿jiang結jie實shi。
有條件的地區可使用防旱劑,可減少水分蒸發率70%~80%。沒條件的地區可以利用青草或稻草等均勻鋪在稻行間,既可以減少蒸發,又可以供給稻苗一定養分,以利生長。
加強病蟲防治。受旱水稻的生育進程都有不同程度的推遲,生育滯後,抵抗力弱,因此應加強病蟲監測和防治。
水稻控製灌溉技術水
稻控製灌溉是指水稻移栽後,田麵保持5~25毫(hao)米(mi)薄(bo)水(shui)層(ceng)返(fan)青(qing)活(huo)苗(miao),在(zai)返(fan)青(qing)以(yi)後(hou)的(de)各(ge)個(ge)生(sheng)育(yu)時(shi)期(qi),田(tian)麵(mian)不(bu)再(zai)建(jian)立(li)灌(guan)溉(gai)水(shui)層(ceng),以(yi)根(gen)層(ceng)土(tu)壤(rang)含(han)水(shui)量(liang)作(zuo)為(wei)控(kong)製(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao),確(que)定(ding)灌(guan)水(shui)時(shi)間(jian)和(he)灌(guan)水(shui)定(ding)額(e)。土(tu)壤(rang)水(shui)分(fen)控(kong)製(zhi)上(shang)限(xian)為(wei)飽(bao)和(he)含(han)水(shui)率(lv),下(xia)限(xian)則(ze)視(shi)水(shui)稻(dao)不(bu)同(tong)生(sheng)育(yu)階(jie)段(duan),分(fen)別(bie)取(qu)土(tu)壤(rang)飽(bao)和(he)含(han)水(shui)率(lv)60%~70%。
“薄、淺、濕、曬”灌溉技術
水稻“薄、淺、濕、曬”灌溉,是根據水稻移栽後各生育期的需水特性和要求進行灌溉排水,為水稻生長創造良好的生態環境,達到節水、增產的目的。即薄水插秧、淺qian水shui返fan青qing,分fen蘖nie前qian期qi濕shi潤run,分fen蘖nie後hou期qi曬shai田tian,拔ba節jie孕yun穗sui期qi回hui灌guan薄bo水shui,抽chou穗sui開kai花hua期qi保bao持chi薄bo水shui,乳ru熟shu期qi濕shi潤run,黃huang熟shu期qi濕shi潤run落luo幹gan。這zhe種zhong灌guan溉gai技ji術shu簡jian明ming,也ye易yi於yu理li解jie掌zhang握wo,是shi節jie水shui灌guan溉gai的de好hao方fang法fa。
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