稻曬田是水稻增產促早熟的主要技術措施之一。
一、曬田的主要作用
1、控製無效分蘖,鞏固有效分蘖。當水稻分蘖已達到一定數量即夠苗後,我省從時間上來看是6yuemozuoyouweiyouxiaofenniezhongzhiqi,zaofenniedenengchengsui,zhongzhiqihoufenniedebunengchengsuihuozhichengxiaosui。zaishengchanshangtongguoshaitiandefangfa,keshigaoweiyouxiaofennieyadebudaoshuifeigongyingertingzhishengchang,jianshaoyangfenxiaohao,congershizhujinghedafenniehuodegengduodeyangfengongying,weizhuanggandasuidahaojichu。
2、改善土壤環境,增強根係活力。插秧後至曬田前較長時間內田麵保持一定的水層,導致耕層土壤內通氣性差,好氣微生物活動受到抑製;有you機ji物wu分fen解jie緩huan慢man,不bu利li於yu根gen係xi生sheng長chang。通tong過guo曬shai田tian處chu理li,大da氣qi可ke直zhi接jie進jin入ru耕geng作zuo層ceng中zhong,使shi土tu壤rang內nei的de通tong透tou性xing增zeng強qiang,改gai善shan了le土tu壤rang結jie構gou,增zeng加jia了le耕geng層ceng內nei氧yang氣qi的de含han量liang。曬shai田tian後hou新xin根gen數shu目mu增zeng多duo,促cu進jin根gen係xi下xia伸shen,擴kuo大da了le根gen係xi活huo動dong範fan圍wei,增zeng強qiang了le吸xi收shou能neng力li。
3、xietiaoyingyangshengchangyushengzhishengchang。tongguoshaitiankeshidansudaixieshuipingxiajiang,kongzhiyingyangshengchangsudu,tigaotansudaixienengli,cujintanshuihuahewujilei。tongshiyeyizhilejiejiandeshengchang,daojingjibudiyi、dierjiejianchangdubianduan,ganbibianhou,jingganzuzhijiaojinmi,yinciyezengqianglezhutikangdaofudenengli,yeweishuidaoyousuifenhuachuqitigongjiaoduodeyangfenlaiyuan。fushuihoujiaoduodetanshuihuahewuyoujing、qiaoxiangyousuizhuanyi,cujinleyousuifayu,shuidaoyouyingyangshengchangxiangshengzhishengchangfangmianzhuanhua,manzuleyousuishengchangfayudeyangfendegongyingliang,weixingchengsuidaliduodahaojichu。
4、降低田間溫度,抑製病蟲危害。水稻的許多病蟲害的發生與傳播都與稻株間的溫濕度有直接關係。如稻瘟病在田間相對濕度在90%以上適於病菌的繁殖與侵入。白葉枯病在田間空氣相對濕度在70%yishangfabingyanzhong。shuidaoqianyeyingjierhuamingchongdeng,tamenluandefuhuaheweihaishi,yedouyaoqiuyoujiaogaodeshidutiaojian。tongguoshaitianjiangdilezhucongjiandekongqishidu,gaishanletianjianxiaoqihouhuanjing,pohuailebingjunyuchongluanfanzhichuanbotiaojian,yizhilebingchonghaifashengjiweihaichengdu。
二、曬田時間與方法
1、shaitianyibanyingzaifenniemoqi,bojiechuqijinxing。shaitianguozao,yingxiangyouxiaofenniedechanshengyushengchang,shaitianguowan,xinfennieguowangshengchang,yanchiyousuifenhuasudu。fennielizhongdengde,meixuedadao25-30個蘖時應排水曬田。
2、稻株莖葉生長過旺,氮肥用量過多,葉片發黑的應重曬田,早曬田。反之稻株長勢弱小應晚曬,輕曬或不曬。
3、土層深厚、肥沃,稻株呈現出徒長,葉色發黑的應早曬,重曬;土質較薄,保肥保水較差的應晚曬輕曬。粘土層透水性弱的應早曬、多曬;漏水田不曬。
4、當(dang)田(tian)間(jian)有(you)三(san)分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)左(zuo)右(you)植(zhi)株(zhu)已(yi)撥(bo)節(jie)時(shi),應(ying)停(ting)止(zhi)曬(shai)田(tian),進(jin)行(xing)正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)水(shui)分(fen)管(guan)理(li),以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)幼(you)穗(sui)分(fen)化(hua)期(qi)對(dui)水(shui)分(fen)的(de)需(xu)求(qiu),促(cu)進(jin)幼(you)穗(sui)分(fen)化(hua)生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育(yu)。此(ci)時(shi)應(ying)適(shi)當(dang)深(shen)灌(guan),控(kong)製(zhi)水(shui)層(ceng)在(zai)5-6厘米左右。
5、曬田時間一般為5-10天左右,輕曬田塊,要達到田麵開細縫,人腳下去不粘泥;中曬的田塊,曬到田麵出現雞爪狀裂紋;重曬的田塊,要達到白根外露,葉色褪淡,葉片直立即可。
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