youyuxiaomaipinzhongjuyouhenqiangdediyuxing,yidideyouliangpinzhongbuyidingshiyingbendidezhongzhitiaojian。gaochandepinzhongpinzhibuyidingyouhaodepinzhi,nonghuwangwangzhikanchanliangshuiping,bukanpinzhizhibiao,jieguoshengchanchulaizuoweishangpinliangchushoushi,qijiageyuyouzhixiaomaixiangchajiaoda。
播種過早或過晚
小麥播種過早,幼苗出土後葉片垂披,分蘖不足,冬季在遇到-10℃,持續5小時左右的低溫時,易發生凍害。應及時壓苗,抑製主莖和大蘖生長,壓後及時澆水,必要時,用0.2%~0.3%矮ai壯zhuang素su溶rong液ye葉ye麵mian噴pen施shi,以yi控kong製zhi徒tu長chang,抗kang禦yu凍dong害hai。播bo種zhong過guo晚wan,小xiao麥mai冬dong前qian生sheng長chang期qi短duan,積ji溫wen不bu足zu,導dao致zhi麥mai苗miao生sheng長chang瘦shou弱ruo,分fen蘖nie少shao,應ying及ji時shi進jin行xing補bu水shui補bu肥fei。
播種過深或過淺
一般小麥播種不宜超過5limi,fouzehuichumiaohuanman,yepianxichang,fennieshao,cishenggenruo,zuihaojishijinxingbatuqingke,yongzhupazaiqimianzhongyangshunlonghengpa,zuihoubayutuquanbutuidaoqibeishang。xiaomaibozhongbuzu3厘li米mi,就jiu為wei過guo淺qian,麥mai苗miao易yi匍pu匐fu生sheng長chang,分fen蘖nie多duo而er小xiao,不bu耐nai旱han,易yi受shou凍dong和he早zao衰shuai,出chu苗miao後hou結jie合he劃hua鋤chu壅yong土tu圍wei根gen,必bi要yao時shi在zai越yue冬dong期qi用yong土tu覆fu蓋gai防fang止zhi越yue冬dong受shou凍dong。
播種量過大
出苗後群體基本苗過多,通風透光差,植株黃瘦、細弱,容易誘發病蟲害。生長後期過密的小麥倒伏嚴重。應按不同的小麥品種,選擇適宜的播種量,並按不同的整地質量、土壤墒情、播種時間等,適當調整播種量。出苗後要及時疏苗,早疏、狠疏,以建立適宜的群體結構,促進個體發育;最後再結合澆水,追施少量氮、磷速效肥,以彌補土壤養分的過度消耗。
播種質量差
機(ji)手(shou)操(cao)作(zuo)不(bu)規(gui)範(fan),導(dao)致(zhi)播(bo)種(zhong)質(zhi)量(liang)下(xia)降(jiang),缺(que)苗(miao)斷(duan)壟(long)和(he)空(kong)根(gen)等(deng)現(xian)象(xiang)嚴(yan)重(zhong),不(bu)能(neng)很(hen)好(hao)地(di)保(bao)證(zheng)基(ji)本(ben)苗(miao)數(shu),越(yue)冬(dong)還(hai)容(rong)易(yi)受(shou)凍(dong)害(hai)。在(zai)精(jing)細(xi)整(zheng)地(di)的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang),機(ji)手(shou)在(zai)播(bo)種(zhong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)保(bao)持(chi)勻(yun)速(su),做(zuo)到(dao)不(bu)缺(que)壟(long),不(bu)斷(duan)行(xing),保(bao)證(zheng)小(xiao)麥(mai)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)苗(miao)數(shu)。
底肥過量
農戶為追求高產,在小麥播種前施用過量基肥,導致出苗後長勢過旺,分蘖多,葉片寬大,田間鬱蔽嚴重。應在麥苗主莖長出5片葉時,在小麥行間深鋤5~7厘米,切斷部分次生根,控製養分吸收,減少分蘖,培育壯苗。
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