引起花生早期落葉的主要原因是:脫肥早衰,沙性大的地更嚴重;葉斑病危害,尤其是黑斑病和褐斑病,一旦發生就迅速蔓延,往往幾天內造成葉片大量脫落;過早和過量噴灑植物生長調節劑,尤其是比久和多效唑及含以該成分為主的調節劑更為嚴重。預防早落葉的主要措施是防病補肥。
1、嚴防葉斑病 huashengyebanbingyiheibanbinghehebanbingweizhu,liangzhongbinghaijunyiweihaiyepianweizhu。huashengfabingshixiancongxiabuyepiankaishichuxianzhengzhuang,houzhubuxiangshangbuyepianmanyan,fabingzaoqijunchanshenghesedexiaodian,zhujianfazhanweiyuanxinghuobuguizexingbingban。hebanbingbingbanjiaoda,bingbanzhouweiyouhuangsedeyunquan,erheibanbingbingbanjiaoxiao,yansejiaohebanbingqian,bianyuanzhengqi,meiyoumingxiandeyunquan。tianqichaoshihuochangqiyinyu,bingbankexianghulianhechengbuguizexingdaban,yepianjiaoku,yanzhongyingxiangguanghezuoyong。ruguofashengzaiyebing、莖jing幹gan或huo果guo針zhen上shang,輕qing則ze產chan生sheng橢tuo圓yuan形xing黑hei褐he色se或huo褐he色se病bing斑ban,重zhong則ze整zheng個ge莖jing幹gan或huo果guo針zhen變bian黑hei枯ku死si,使shi花hua生sheng產chan量liang大da幅fu度du下xia降jiang。花hua生sheng到dao生sheng育yu後hou期qi,危wei害hai葉ye片pian引yin起qi早zao落luo葉ye的de葉ye斑ban病bing有you多duo種zhong,危wei害hai較jiao重zhong又you難nan防fang治zhi的de主zhu要yao是shi褐he斑ban病bing和he網wang斑ban病bing。可ke在zai發fa病bing初chu期qi及ji時shi噴pen藥yao。比bi較jiao好hao的de藥yao劑ji有you:80%的代森錳鋅800倍液、70%甲基托布津800-1000倍液、農抗120水劑200倍液、50%膠體硫200倍液、1:2:200倍式波爾多液等。噴藥時要注意噴勻、噴透,防止漏噴,每隔8-10天噴藥1次,連噴3-4次,可基本控製該病的發生。
2、葉麵噴肥 花hua生sheng到dao了le生sheng育yu後hou期qi,根gen係xi從cong土tu壤rang中zhong吸xi收shou養yang分fen的de能neng力li和he根gen瘤liu固gu定ding氮dan素su的de能neng力li都dou開kai始shi減jian弱ruo,而er葉ye片pian吸xi收shou養yang分fen的de能neng力li卻que在zai增zeng強qiang。葉ye麵mian噴pen肥fei補bu充chong養yang分fen具ju有you吸xi收shou快kuai、作用迅速、利li用yong率lv高gao等deng諸zhu多duo優you點dian,是shi預yu防fang早zao衰shuai引yin起qi早zao落luo葉ye的de較jiao好hao措cuo施shi。土tu質zhi偏pian沙sha,地di力li薄bo,基ji肥fei不bu足zu,植zhi株zhu矮ai,長chang勢shi弱ruo,葉ye泛fan黃huang有you脫tuo肥fei現xian象xiang的de花hua生sheng地di,可ke用yong1%尿素溶液進行葉麵噴施。苗旺株健具有瘋長趨勢的田塊,不必噴尿素。花生葉麵對磷的吸收能力較強,在其生長中後期,每畝噴施2%-3%過磷酸鈣浸出液(浸14-16小時過濾)60千克,每隔7-10天噴1次,連噴2-3次,一般增產7%-10%。或每畝用磷酸二氫鉀100-150克,對水50千克,待充分溶解後於傍晚或陰天下午噴施,最好連噴3次,每次間隔7天,若噴後8小時內遇雨,要重噴1次。花生對鐵極為敏感,在堿性土壤上種植,易發生缺鐵症,表現出黃葉、白化症狀,如及時噴施鐵肥,幾天後即可轉綠。可用0.2%硫酸亞鐵溶液每隔5-6天噴1次,連續噴灑2-3次。
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