有機肥料和化學肥料相結合。為了提高土壤的有效養分,並使其形成上鬆下實、氣qi水shui協xie調tiao的de耕geng層ceng結jie構gou,在zai施shi肥fei種zhong類lei上shang要yao堅jian持chi有you機ji肥fei與yu化hua學xue肥fei料liao相xiang結jie合he。有you機ji肥fei不bu僅jin含han有you較jiao豐feng富fu又you較jiao完wan整zheng的de營ying養yang元yuan素su,而er且qie還hai含han有you可ke以yi改gai良liang土tu壤rang結jie構gou的de有you機ji質zhi。化hua學xue肥fei料liao含han營ying養yang元yuan素su單dan一yi,氮dan速su效xiao養yang分fen含han量liang高gao,兩liang者zhe配pei合he施shi用yong可ke以yi相xiang互hu促cu進jin,提ti高gao肥fei效xiao,改gai良liang土tu壤rang結jie構gou,不bu斷duan培pei肥fei地di力li,熟shu化hua耕geng層ceng。
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前茬為主與當茬補充相結合。花生稱“甜茬”作zuo物wu,為wei直zhi根gen係xi,入ru土tu較jiao深shen,可ke吸xi收shou深shen層ceng的de養yang分fen,它ta還hai能neng將jiang固gu定ding的de氮dan素su遺yi留liu一yi部bu分fen到dao土tu壤rang中zhong,供gong下xia茬cha作zuo物wu利li用yong。花hua生sheng的de殘can根gen落luo葉ye及ji莖jing葉ye回hui田tian,能neng顯xian著zhu提ti高gao土tu壤rang肥fei力li。不bu過guo,高gao產chan花hua生sheng所suo需xu要yao的de營ying養yang元yuan素su,大da多duo還hai是shi來lai自zi土tu壤rang中zhong。因yin此ci,在zai中zhong等deng以yi上shang地di力li條tiao件jian下xia,前qian茬cha施shi肥fei比bi花hua生sheng當dang茬cha施shi肥fei效xiao果guo更geng好hao。有you關guan試shi驗yan表biao明ming:在前茬種甘薯,後茬種花生,兩年兩茬作物的總施肥量相同時,甘薯以當茬施全肥的產量最高,比不施肥的增產20%以上。花生前茬甘薯施全肥比當茬施全肥的增產12%左zuo右you。在zai前qian茬cha施shi肥fei的de基ji礎chu上shang,當dang茬cha種zhong花hua生sheng應ying適shi當dang增zeng施shi肥fei料liao,盡jin管guan花hua生sheng對dui所suo施shi肥fei料liao養yang分fen的de吸xi收shou利li用yong率lv較jiao低di,但dan在zai中zhong等deng肥fei力li水shui平ping下xia增zeng產chan效xiao果guo顯xian著zhu,因yin為wei它ta能neng補bu償chang產chan出chu消xiao耗hao的de土tu壤rang養yang分fen。總zong而er言yan之zhi,花hua生sheng高gao產chan施shi肥fei,要yao堅jian持chi以yi前qian茬cha為wei主zhu,當dang茬cha補bu充chong為wei輔fu,“用養結合”的原則。
花生當茬施肥方法。根據高產花生對氮、磷、鉀主要營養元素吸收量和肥料的吸收利用率,一般條件下可采用“氮減半、磷加倍和鉀全量”施肥法,即每畝施氮13.5公斤、磷11公斤、鉀16公斤,折合每畝施優質圈肥5000公斤、尿素13公斤或碳銨35公斤、過磷酸鈣72公斤、硫酸鉀22公斤或氯化鉀18公斤或草木灰150公斤。而在中等或偏低土壤肥力條件下,要實現高產,則可采用“氮、鉀全量施,磷肥加倍施”施肥法,即每畝施氮27公斤、磷11公斤、鉀16公斤,折合每畝施優質圈肥5000公斤、尿素42.5公斤或碳酸氫銨115公斤、過磷酸鈣72公斤、硫酸鉀22公斤或氧化鉀或草木灰150公斤。
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