花hua生sheng果guo腐fu病bing主zhu要yao表biao現xian在zai花hua生sheng果guo腐fu爛lan，輕qing的de半ban個ge莢jia果guo為wei褐he色se或huo黑hei色se
，裏li麵mian的de果guo仁ren小xiao而er硬ying實shi，發fa育yu不bu良liang
，果guo皮pi發fa黃huang，嚴yan重zhong的de整zheng個ge莢jia果guo都dou為wei深shen黑hei色se，果guo皮pi和he果guo仁ren均jun已yi腐fu爛lan，一yi般ban整zheng株zhu或huo點dian片pian發fa生sheng。在zai花hua生sheng進jin入ru7yuefendejiejiaqiyizhidaocaishouqi，junyoufabingdekeneng。zaochenghuashengguofubingdeyuanyinyouduozhong，youyiliandaojunzhenjuntuchuanbingjunweizhu，zaishiyouyuturangqueshaogaiyinqi，zaiciyouqicaodengdixiahaichongkenyaohuoranbingyinqi。

二


、防治方法

1.lunzuodaocha。jutiaozhawoshenghuashengzhuchanquzhongzhidechunhuashengduoweiyanheliangandeshatandi
，zhezhongdikuaizuishiyizhongzhihuasheng，suoyi，huashengzhongchazhongzhixianxiangjiweiyanzhong。youyuliannianzhongcha
，turangzhongjileideyouhaibingjunzhunianjileizengduo，tongshihuashenggenxihaihuifenmiyixieyouduwuzhi，zaijiashangnongminduihuafeideyilaixingyuelaiyueqiang，zaochengleturangdeyanzihuachengdujiaogao，huashengshengchangdeturanghuanjingmingxianbianhuai
，zheyanghuashengyangmiaozhiliangbugao，jirongyiyoufaguofubing。weijianshaogaibingdefasheng
，yingdangzuodaokexuelunzuodaocha
，jiangeliangdaosannianhouzaizhongzhi。

2.異yi地di換huan種zhong。花hua生sheng本ben身shen是shi一yi種zhong生sheng產chan常chang規gui用yong種zhong，一yi些xie農nong民min沒mei有you優you種zhong意yi識shi和he換huan種zhong概gai念nian，抱bao著zhe一yi個ge老lao品pin種zhong種zhong植zhi三san年nian五wu年nian甚shen至zhi八ba年nian十shi年nian
，在zai生sheng產chan過guo程cheng中zhong不bu注zhu意yi對dui品pin種zhong選xuan純chun複fu壯zhuang
，導dao致zhi該gai品pin種zhong出chu現xian了le嚴yan重zhong的de種zhong性xing退tui化hua，品pin質zhi變bian差cha，產chan量liang下xia降jiang
，感gan病bing性xing增zeng強qiang，尤you其qi對dui於yu土tu傳chuan病bing害hai的de果guo腐fu病bing會hui更geng加jia敏min感gan。為wei此ci，采cai用yong異yi地di換huan種zhong的de方fang法fa，既ji能neng夠gou降jiang低di病bing害hai的de發fa生sheng，還hai能neng最zui大da程cheng度du提ti高gao花hua生sheng產chan量liang。如ru河he北bei的de種zhong植zhi戶hu應ying選xuan購gou山shan東dong

、河南等地繁育的花生種子。據生產試驗調查
，異地換種花生能增產15%～30%。

3.平衡施肥。花生是一種需要肥料較多的經濟作物，尤其對磷肥和鉀肥的需求量較大，此外增施鈣、硫
、鋅、錳、鉬、硼等中微量肥料能夠明顯提高花生產量和品質
，降低病害發生率。對於土壤肥力較差的沙灘地一定要增施圈肥、廄肥、雞糞等畜禽糞便
，化肥本著經濟實惠的原則可選用尿素+磷肥+鉀肥的配伍組合。在花生進入結莢期後追施兩次氮

、鉀(jia)肥(fei)
，或(huo)複(fu)合(he)肥(fei)，後(hou)期(qi)葉(ye)麵(mian)施(shi)肥(fei)能(neng)夠(gou)明(ming)顯(xian)減(jian)輕(qing)病(bing)害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)，提(ti)高(gao)花(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)量(liang)。此(ci)外(wai)，在(zai)底(di)肥(fei)中(zhong)摻(chan)入(ru)適(shi)量(liang)的(de)生(sheng)物(wu)菌(jun)肥(fei)，可(ke)以(yi)大(da)大(da)增(zeng)加(jia)土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)益(yi)菌(jun)的(de)含(han)量(liang)
，減(jian)低(di)有(you)害(hai)菌(jun)的(de)含(han)量(liang)
，對(dui)預(yu)防(fang)果(guo)腐(fu)病(bing)發(fa)生(sheng)也(ye)有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)效(xiao)果(guo)。

4.藥yao劑ji拌ban種zhong。試shi驗yan表biao明ming選xuan用yong殺sha菌jun劑ji和he殺sha蟲chong劑ji二er合he一yi拌ban種zhong劑ji在zai花hua生sheng播bo種zhong前qian進jin行xing拌ban種zhong處chu理li
，可ke以yi有you效xiao降jiang低di病bing蟲chong害hai的de發fa病bing幾ji率lv，對dui於yu預yu防fang果guo腐fu病bing的de發fa生sheng效xiao果guo顯xian著zhu。可ke選xuan用yong適shi樂le時shi、高巧
、多菌靈等。

5.及早防病治蟲。花生一旦感染了根腐病
、莖腐病等致命性病害，也會造成果腐病的發生。蠐螬
、金針蟲、地di老lao虎hu等deng地di下xia害hai蟲chong啃ken咬yao莢jia果guo，莢jia果guo上shang會hui留liu下xia傷shang口kou，傷shang口kou處chu易yi感gan染ran病bing菌jun，尤you其qi是shi土tu壤rang中zhong大da量liang存cun在zai的de鐮lian刀dao菌jun就jiu會hui輕qing易yi傳chuan播bo，造zao成cheng果guo腐fu病bing的de發fa生sheng。為wei此ci

，要yao科ke學xue預yu防fang，及ji早zao防fang治zhi病bing蟲chong害hai，防fang患huan於yu未wei然ran。