zaizhongduodeyouliaozuowuzhong,jinjinianlaihuashengdejiagechuyuwenzhongyoushengdequshi,yinci,huashengdezhongzhimianjiyeyousuokuoda。nongminduihuashengshengchandetouruyeyousuozengduo。bizhejinrizaibufenhuashengzhongzhichanqutiaozha,dangqianmiaoqimiaoquan,shengchangzhuozhuang。youyushouyijiaohao,huashengdefeiliaotouruyezhujianzengduo。danruguobawobuhao,huashengyingyangshengchangyushengzhishengchangdemaodunyehuiriyituchu,tebieshimeiniande6月下旬至7yueshangxun,zhengzhixunqi,youdehuashengzhizhurizengchanglianghenkuai,youdetianjianyinbiduhenda,youdezhizhujinlindaofu,yingyangshengchangmingxianguowang,shengzhishengchangzhihou,shibiyingxianghuashengdekaihua、坐果率。造成花生旺長的原因,一是底肥施用過量,特別是偏施了氮肥;二是密度過大,蔭蔽嚴重;三是雨水過多,光照不足;四是疏於田間管理。
花hua生sheng雖sui是shi豆dou科ke作zuo物wu,有you根gen瘤liu菌jun可ke固gu定ding一yi定ding的de氮dan素su肥fei料liao,不bu要yao以yi為wei它ta能neng固gu氮dan就jiu忽hu視shi對dui其qi管guan理li,這zhe是shi一yi種zhong誤wu區qu。為wei了le協xie調tiao花hua生sheng營ying養yang生sheng長chang與yu生sheng殖zhi生sheng長chang均jun衡heng進jin行xing,應ying采cai用yong延yan緩huan型xing的de植zhi物wu生sheng長chang調tiao節jie劑ji進jin行xing調tiao控kong,施shi用yong植zhi物wu生sheng長chang調tiao節jie劑ji,能neng有you效xiao地di調tiao節jie花hua生sheng主zhu莖jing和he側ce枝zhi陡dou長chang,塑su造zao緊jin湊cou株zhu型xing,改gai善shan通tong風feng透tou光guang條tiao件jian,增zeng加jia葉ye綠lv素su含han量liang,減jian少shao無wu效xiao花hua數shu量liang約yue30%,使其養分集中輸向莢果,促其充實飽滿。生產實踐反複證明,合理的化學調控能使花生增產10%~15%。
在花生生產上應用植物生長調節劑的品種很多,常用的有多效唑、助壯素、調節膦等,在應用技術上要掌握如下幾點。
一、施shi用yong時shi間jian。一yi般ban施shi用yong時shi間jian為wei花hua生sheng的de盛sheng花hua期qi,即ji果guo針zhen的de大da量liang入ru土tu期qi,此ci時shi正zheng是shi花hua生sheng由you營ying養yang生sheng長chang轉zhuan向xiang生sheng殖zhi生sheng長chang的de轉zhuan折zhe時shi期qi,控kong製zhi旺wang長chang則ze可ke調tiao整zheng養yang分fen的de轉zhuan送song方fang向xiang,促cu進jin花hua生sheng增zeng產chan。若ruo在zai始shi花hua期qi或huo盛sheng花hua後hou期qi施shi用yong,不bu但dan效xiao果guo不bu好hao,甚shen至zhi還hai會hui減jian產chan。
二、施用濃度。多效唑的施用濃度為每畝15%的粉劑50克兌水100斤。助壯素的施用濃度為每畝25%助壯素20~30毫升,兌水100~150斤。調節膦的濃度可參照說明書施用。
三注意事項。一是嚴格把握調節劑的用量和施用時期;二是施藥時土壤墒情要適度;三是施藥在下午4~5時後進行為好,這時蒸發量小,藥效好;四是土壤肥力較差,苗情不旺的花生不宜盲目施藥。
為了提高綜合防治效果,還可用多效唑與粉鏽寧混合施用,既可抑製花生旺長,又可起到防治病害的作用。
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