選夏花生留種
shijianzhengming,xuanyongxiahuashengliuzhongzhiliangjiaohao。yinweixiahuashengzaiqiugaoqishuangdehuanjingxiashengchang,jiaochunhuashengbingchonghaishao,jieshilvgao,guoshuguoshao,hanyoulvdi,erqiezaishouhuoshi,tianqiqinglang,wendushizhong,yushuijiaoshao,bianyushaizhong,zhongzifayalvgao。lingwai,chucunshijianjiaoduan,ganbinggailvxiao。
科學選種
擇無病蟲危害、植株生長健壯、分枝數多、高度適中、果多粒飽、雙仁果多、大da小xiao均jun勻yun的de單dan株zhu。將jiang入ru選xuan的de優you良liang單dan株zhu的de花hua生sheng果guo收shou後hou單dan獨du晾liang曬shai,單dan獨du存cun放fang,第di二er年nian單dan獨du種zhong植zhi。第di二er年nian收shou獲huo時shi,重zhong複fu上shang年nian的de選xuan種zhong工gong作zuo,這zhe樣yang經jing過guo2~3年的連續選種,對已經退化的品種可以起到提純複壯的作用;對剛引進的新品種,則可防止其種性退化。
注意,貪青晚熟的植株不宜留種,過早衰弱的植株不宜留種,患病的植株不宜留種。患有根結線蟲病、葉斑病、鏽病的植株所結的莢果,作為種子用時不僅會使病害蔓延傳播,而且長出的苗也較弱。
適時收獲
花生收獲過早,莢果不飽滿,秕果多,成種率低;收shou獲huo過guo晚wan,果guo柄bing幹gan枯ku黴mei爛lan,飽bao果guo易yi脫tuo落luo,收shou獲huo時shi易yi丟diu粒li,收shou獲huo費fei工gong,腐fu爛lan粒li增zeng多duo,造zao成cheng產chan量liang和he質zhi量liang下xia降jiang。特te別bie是shi早zao熟shu品pin種zhong,因yin休xiu眠mian期qi短duan,在zai土tu壤rang水shui分fen、wendushiyishi,haihuidaliangfayazaochengsunshi。youqizuozhongyongdehuasheng,gengyingjishishouhuo,zaizhengchangqingkuangxia,zhizhubiaoxianchushuailaozhuangtai,jidingduantingzhishengchang,shangbuyepianbianhuang,jibuhezhongbuyepiantuoluo,jingmanbianhuangbingchuxianbuguizedechangtiaoheiban,daduoshujiaguojiakewangwenmingxian,jiaguoneihaimiancengshousuobingyouheiheseguangze,zilibaoman,guopihezhongpijibenchengxianguyoudeyanse,cishidaduoshujiaguozirenbaoman,shihuashengshouhuodezuijiashiqi。
安全貯藏
新收獲的花生,一般含水量為45%~50%,為了安全貯藏,確保花生種子質量,應在收獲後,將帶莢果的花生植株倒植在田間晾曬2~3天,以促進後熟和風幹,然後摘果,平攤晾曬。當莢果曬到口咬發脆、手搖有響聲、剝開莢殼手搓種皮易脫落時,含水量一般在10%以下,即可入庫貯藏。
花生收獲後如遇陰雨天,這批花生則不宜作種用。
由於花生種子含有大量的蛋白質、tanshuihuahewudengqinshuiwuzhi,zaizhuzangguochengzhong,henrongyixishoukongqizhongdeshuifen,shihuxizuoyongzengqiang,xiaohaoyangfen,shifangchudaliangdereliang,daozhizhongduiwendushenggao,zhongzishourefameibianzhi。yinci,huashengzhongzizaizhuzangqijian,bixubaochiganzao、通風,發現種子含水量超過安全界限或種堆溫度升高,就應及時翻倉晾曬。
種子篩選
花生在剝殼前,從網紋、莢果大小、內種皮顏色及莢果的彎腰、果嘴凹尖程度等方麵對照其標準果形,剔除病果(捂悶果)、秕果、外殼破裂果、單仁果、差異較大的果,將剩餘白淨無病的雙仁飽果,選擇在晴天中午,在泥地上連續翻曬3~4天,曬種時不要壓破果皮。在播種前10天tian左zuo右you剝bo殼ke,剝bo殼ke時shi間jian越yue早zao,種zhong仁ren感gan染ran病bing菌jun的de概gai率lv越yue高gao,種zhong仁ren各ge種zhong酶mei活huo性xing越yue差cha,發fa芽ya率lv及ji發fa芽ya勢shi越yue低di。剝bo殼ke後hou,要yao再zai次ci進jin行xing選xuan種zhong,根gen據ju大da小xiao分fen級ji粒li選xuan,剔ti除chu病bing粒li、殘粒、異形粒,用一級種子播種。
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