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一、今年的發病情況
水(shui)稻(dao)黑(hei)條(tiao)矮(ai)縮(suo)病(bing)自(zi)本(ben)世(shi)紀(ji)初(chu)以(yi)來(lai)在(zai)浙(zhe)南(nan)等(deng)地(di)區(qu)的(de)秈(xian)稻(dao)上(shang)發(fa)生(sheng)嚴(yan)重(zhong)，這(zhe)是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)秈(xian)稻(dao)較(jiao)易(yi)感(gan)水(shui)稻(dao)黑(hei)條(tiao)矮(ai)縮(suo)病(bing)，而(er)浙(zhe)南(nan)大(da)麵(mian)積(ji)種(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)是(shi)秈(xian)稻(dao)品(pin)種(zhong)。 woshengshuidaopinzhongyijingdaoweizhu，jingdaojiaokangheitiaoaisuobing，xiandaozhongzhimianjijiaoxiao，yibannianfenzhilingxingfabing。jinnianwoshengshuidaoheitiaoaisuobingdefabingmianjibiqianjiniansuiyousuozengjia，danzhanquanshengshuidaozhongzhimianjidebilirengjiaoxiao。fabingjiaozhongdequyuzhuyaofenbuzaiyanhai、裏下河及淮北部分地區，集中表現在華粳6號、淮稻5號、Ⅱ優084等水稻品種的早播早栽田塊上，田間病株率一般在20-30%，嚴重的在80%左右。此外，徐稻3號、徐稻4號、揚輻粳7號、鎮稻99等品種也零星見病，大多發病較輕，病株率在10%以內。
今(jin)年(nian)水(shui)稻(dao)黑(hei)條(tiao)矮(ai)縮(suo)病(bing)在(zai)一(yi)些(xie)感(gan)病(bing)品(pin)種(zhong)的(de)早(zao)播(bo)早(zao)栽(zai)田(tian)塊(kuai)重(zhong)發(fa)，主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)這(zhe)些(xie)田(tian)塊(kuai)在(zai)小(xiao)麥(mai)收(shou)獲(huo)前(qian)就(jiu)已(yi)經(jing)播(bo)種(zhong)，水(shui)稻(dao)出(chu)苗(miao)後(hou)已(yi)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)數(shu)量(liang)的(de)灰(hui)飛(fei)虱(shi)遷(qian)入(ru)傳(chuan)毒(du)，麥(mai)收(shou)期(qi)間(jian)又(you)有(you)大(da)量(liang)灰(hui)飛(fei)虱(shi)遷(qian)入(ru)傳(chuan)毒(du)，造(zao)成(cheng)田(tian)間(jian)帶(dai)毒(du)灰(hui)飛(fei)虱(shi)數(shu)量(liang)顯(xian)著(zhu)高(gao)於(yu)遲(chi)播(bo)遲(chi)栽(zai)稻(dao)田(tian)，導(dao)致(zhi)水(shui)稻(dao)黑(hei)條(tiao)矮(ai)縮(suo)病(bing)發(fa)病(bing)重(zhong)。沿(yan)海(hai)及(ji)淮(huai)北(bei)部(bu)分(fen)地(di)區(qu)發(fa)生(sheng)水(shui)稻(dao)黑(hei)條(tiao)矮(ai)縮(suo)病(bing)，還(hai)可(ke)能(neng)與(yu)這(zhe)些(xie)地(di)區(qu)是(shi)水(shui)稻(dao)和(he)玉(yu)米(mi)的(de)混(hun)作(zuo)區(qu)有(you)關(guan)。由(you)於(yu)玉(yu)米(mi)粗(cu)縮(suo)病(bing)與(yu)水(shui)稻(dao)黑(hei)條(tiao)矮(ai)縮(suo)病(bing)為(wei)同(tong)一(yi)個(ge)病(bing)原(yuan)，灰(hui)飛(fei)虱(shi)很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)從(cong)感(gan)染(ran)粗(cu)縮(suo)病(bing)的(de)春(chun)玉(yu)米(mi)植(zhi)株(zhu)上(shang)獲(huo)毒(du)，然(ran)後(hou)遷(qian)入(ru)稻(dao)田(tian)傳(chuan)毒(du)引(yin)發(fa)黑(hei)條(tiao)矮(ai)縮(suo)病(bing)。淮(huai)稻(dao)5號、Ⅱ優084、徐稻4haodengkangtiaowenyekubingpinzhongfabingzhong，kenengyuzhexiekangtiaowenyekubingshuidaopinzhongdeqinbenhuoduohuoshaodixiedailexianxingjiyin，zhizhujiaoyiganheitiaoaisuobingyouguan。xuduorenrenweizhongzhideshikangshuidaotiaowenyekubingpinzhong，yinerfangsongduihuifeishidefangzhi，yeshiyinqishuidaoheitiaoaisuobingzhongfadeyuanyin。
二、大流行的製約因素
目前水稻黑條矮縮病還不具備大流行的條件，但應重視對該病的預防。據他分析，病害流行需要同時滿足病原、感病品種、氣候這三個條件，缺一不可。目前我省水稻黑條矮縮病大流行至少有兩個製約因素：一是感病品種種植麵積小。近年來我省粳稻種植麵積占水稻總麵積85%以上，大部分粳稻品種較耐（抗（黑條矮縮病），而感病秈稻、雜za交jiao稻dao及ji部bu分fen帶dai有you秈xian性xing基ji因yin的de粳jing稻dao種zhong植zhi麵mian積ji較jiao小xiao，大da麵mian積ji種zhong植zhi品pin種zhong不bu利li於yu病bing害hai流liu行xing。二er是shi黑hei條tiao矮ai縮suo病bing毒du的de自zi身shen特te性xing。水shui稻dao黑hei條tiao矮ai縮suo病bing毒du可ke由you灰hui飛fei虱shi終zhong生sheng帶dai毒du傳chuan毒du，但dan不bu能neng經jing灰hui飛fei虱shi的de卵luan傳chuan給gei子zi代dai，灰hui飛fei虱shi成cheng、若蟲獲毒後，病毒必須在蟲體內經過一個增殖循回期（通常為7-12天）方fang可ke傳chuan毒du，這zhe一yi點dian與yu水shui稻dao條tiao紋wen病bing毒du傳chuan毒du特te性xing有you顯xian著zhu區qu別bie。生sheng產chan上shang可ke以yi有you足zu夠gou的de時shi間jian采cai取qu防fang治zhi措cuo施shi將jiang灰hui飛fei虱shi消xiao滅mie在zai傳chuan毒du之zhi前qian，降jiang低di病bing害hai流liu行xing幾ji率lv。加jia上shang近jin年nian來lai大da麵mian積ji水shui稻dao黑hei條tiao矮ai縮suo病bing發fa病bing輕qing，目mu前qian僅jin在zai局ju部bu地di區qu的de少shao數shu感gan病bing品pin種zhong上shang流liu行xing，田tian間jian毒du源yuan量liang、灰飛虱帶毒率及獲毒蟲量相對較低，尚未構成大流行的病（毒）原基數。
三、防治不容忽視
今年水稻黑條矮縮病在我省部分地區、少數品種上流行危害，應引起足夠的重視。在灰飛虱蟲量居高不下、水shui稻dao條tiao紋wen葉ye枯ku病bing大da流liu行xing威wei脅xie尚shang未wei解jie除chu的de情qing況kuang下xia，生sheng產chan上shang應ying在zai綜zong合he防fang治zhi水shui稻dao條tiao紋wen葉ye枯ku病bing的de同tong時shi，重zhong視shi對dui黑hei條tiao矮ai縮suo病bing的de預yu防fang，尤you其qi是shi種zhong植zhi抗kang水shui稻dao條tiao紋wen葉ye枯ku病bing品pin種zhong及ji黑hei條tiao矮ai縮suo病bing重zhong發fa的de地di區qu。要yao與yu水shui稻dao條tiao紋wen葉ye枯ku病bing防fang治zhi一yi樣yang，采cai取qu“抗、避、斷、治”的de綜zong合he措cuo施shi預yu防fang黑hei條tiao矮ai縮suo病bing的de流liu行xing。一yi是shi因yin地di製zhi宜yi種zhong植zhi抗kang耐nai病bing品pin種zhong。水shui稻dao黑hei條tiao矮ai縮suo病bing重zhong發fa區qu，明ming年nian應ying壓ya縮suo感gan病bing品pin種zhong種zhong植zhi麵mian積ji，種zhong植zhi發fa病bing相xiang對dui較jiao輕qing的de品pin種zhong，降jiang低di病bing害hai流liu行xing風feng險xian。二er是shi合he理li推tui遲chi播bo栽zai期qi。適shi當dang推tui遲chi水shui稻dao播bo種zhong時shi間jian，壓ya縮suo早zao播bo早zao栽zai麵mian積ji；推tui廣guang機ji插cha秧yang和he小xiao苗miao拋pao栽zai等deng輕qing型xing栽zai培pei技ji術shu，有you條tiao件jian的de地di區qu在zai秧yang田tian全quan程cheng設she立li防fang蟲chong網wang育yu秧yang，防fang止zhi麥mai田tian灰hui飛fei虱shi集ji中zhong遷qian入ru秧yang田tian危wei害hai。三san是shi治zhi蟲chong控kong病bing。加jia強qiang對dui灰hui飛fei虱shi的de藥yao劑ji防fang治zhi，尤you其qi是shi對dui抗kang水shui稻dao條tiao紋wen葉ye枯ku病bing品pin種zhong，避bi免mian水shui稻dao黑hei條tiao矮ai縮suo病bing發fa生sheng。此ci外wai，還hai應ying防fang除chu水shui稻dao秧yang田tian及ji大da田tian周zhou邊bian雜za草cao，減jian少shao灰hui飛fei虱shi及ji水shui稻dao黑hei條tiao矮ai縮suo病bing毒du的de過guo渡du寄ji主zhu，並bing及ji時shi拔ba除chu田tian間jian病bing株zhu，減jian少shao田tian間jian毒du源yuan。玉yu米mi、水稻混作區，應重視對玉米粗縮病的防治，控製灰飛虱從玉米上獲毒
