水shui稻dao細xi菌jun性xing基ji腐fu病bing病bing原yuan為wei歐ou氏shi杆gan菌jun屬shu細xi菌jun,主zhu要yao通tong過guo水shui稻dao根gen部bu和he莖jing基ji部bu的de傷shang口kou侵qin入ru。該gai病bing主zhu要yao危wei害hai水shui稻dao根gen節jie部bu和he莖jing基ji部bu,使shi之zhi變bian褐he,逐zhu漸jian發fa黑hei腐fu爛lan,病bing株zhu易yi被bei拔ba起qi,有you惡e臭chou味wei。一般在水稻分蘖期開始發生,病株莖基部的葉鞘上產生水漬狀病斑,逐漸向上擴展,形成邊緣深褐色、中zhong間jian枯ku白bai色se的de不bu規gui則ze大da病bing斑ban,莖jing基ji部bu變bian灰hui黑hei色se,有you時shi節jie間jian出chu現xian黑hei褐he色se縱zong條tiao斑ban,心xin葉ye青qing枯ku卷juan曲qu,最zui後hou枯ku黃huang,似si螟ming蟲chong危wei害hai造zao成cheng的de枯ku心xin苗miao。後hou期qi病bing株zhu莖jing基ji部bu和he根gen部bu變bian黑hei並bing逐zhu漸jian腐fu爛lan,地di上shang部bu逐zhu漸jian枯ku死si。有you時shi病bing株zhu基ji部bu莖jing節jie上shang長chang出chu倒dao生sheng根gen。該gai病bing的de獨du特te症zheng狀zhuang是shi病bing株zhu根gen節jie部bu變bian為wei褐he色se或huo深shen褐he色se腐fu爛lan,有you別bie於yu細xi菌jun性xing褐he條tiao病bing心xin腐fu型xing、白葉枯病急性凋萎型及螟害枯心苗等。該病常與小球菌核病、惡苗病、還原性物質中毒等同時發生,或在病株枯死後,惡苗病病菌、小球菌核病病菌等腐生其上。
水稻細菌性基腐病一般有3個發病高峰,分蘖期出現第一發病高峰,以“枯心型”病株為主;孕穗期出現第二發病高峰,以“剝死型”病株為主;抽穗灌漿期出現第三發病高峰,以“青枯型”病株為主,以後出現枯孕穗、枯(ku)白(bai)穗(sui)等(deng)症(zheng)狀(zhuang)。偏(pian)施(shi)或(huo)遲(chi)施(shi)氮(dan)肥(fei),稻(dao)株(zhu)柔(rou)嫩(nen),發(fa)病(bing)重(zhong)。分(fen)蘖(nie)末(mo)期(qi)不(bu)脫(tuo)水(shui)或(huo)烤(kao)田(tian)過(guo)度(du)易(yi)發(fa)病(bing)。地(di)勢(shi)低(di),黏(nian)重(zhong)土(tu)壤(rang)通(tong)氣(qi)性(xing)差(cha),發(fa)病(bing)重(zhong)。移(yi)栽(zai)稻(dao)因(yin)移(yi)栽(zai)時(shi)植(zhi)傷(shang)重(zhong),傷(shang)口(kou)多(duo),一(yi)般(ban)比(bi)直(zhi)播(bo)稻(dao)發(fa)病(bing)重(zhong)。
葉ye枯ku唑zuo主zhu要yao用yong於yu防fang治zhi植zhi物wu細xi菌jun性xing病bing害hai,內nei吸xi性xing強qiang,具ju有you預yu防fang和he治zhi療liao作zuo用yong,持chi效xiao期qi長chang,藥yao效xiao穩wen定ding,對dui作zuo物wu無wu藥yao害hai。防fang治zhi水shui稻dao細xi菌jun性xing基ji腐fu病bing,在zai發fa病bing初chu期qi可ke以yi用yong葉ye枯ku唑zuo、農用硫酸鏈黴素、堿式硫酸銅、氫氧化銅、噻森銅、噻菌銅、琥膠肥酸銅、絡氨銅、噻唑鋅、辛菌胺醋酸鹽、zhongshengjunsudengyaoguangenhuopenwu,youyidingdefangzhixiaoguo。zhuyitongzhijiyingbikaigaowenshiduanshiyao。shuidaoxijunxingjifubingzaifabinghouyongyaofangzhixiaoguojiaocha。fabingqianxuanyongshangshuyao,zaishuidaoyizaiqian、分蘖期、抽穗前期分別防治一次,防病效果較好。此外,防治水稻細菌性基腐病還應重點采取農業措施預防,選用發病輕的品種;培育壯秧,減少移栽時的損傷;合理施肥,增施鉀肥;避免烤田過度和長期深水灌溉。
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