水稻惡苗病從苗期至抽穗期均可發生,一般有3個較明顯的發病高峰期。在播種後15天(tian)左(zuo)右(you)出(chu)現(xian)第(di)一(yi)個(ge)發(fa)病(bing)高(gao)峰(feng),在(zai)水(shui)稻(dao)分(fen)蘖(nie)高(gao)峰(feng)期(qi)出(chu)現(xian)第(di)二(er)個(ge)發(fa)病(bing)高(gao)峰(feng),在(zai)水(shui)稻(dao)孕(yun)穗(sui)期(qi)出(chu)現(xian)第(di)三(san)個(ge)發(fa)病(bing)高(gao)峰(feng)。在(zai)前(qian)兩(liang)個(ge)高(gao)峰(feng)期(qi)發(fa)病(bing)較(jiao)嚴(yan)重(zhong)。帶(dai)菌(jun)種(zhong)子(zi)是(shi)水(shui)稻(dao)惡(e)苗(miao)病(bing)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)傳(chuan)染(ran)源(yuan),其(qi)次(ci)是(shi)病(bing)稻(dao)草(cao)。惡(e)苗(miao)病(bing)病(bing)菌(jun)以(yi)分(fen)生(sheng)孢(bao)子(zi)附(fu)著(zhe)在(zai)種(zhong)子(zi)表(biao)麵(mian)或(huo)以(yi)菌(jun)絲(si)體(ti)潛(qian)伏(fu)在(zai)種(zhong)子(zi)內(nei)越(yue)冬(dong)。播(bo)種(zhong)病(bing)穀(gu)或(huo)用(yong)病(bing)稻(dao)草(cao)覆(fu)蓋(gai)催(cui)芽(ya),均(jun)可(ke)引(yin)起(qi)幼(you)苗(miao)發(fa)病(bing)。苗(miao)期(qi)發(fa)病(bing),病(bing)苗(miao)比(bi)健(jian)苗(miao)細(xi)高(gao),葉(ye)片(pian)、yeqiaoxichang,yesedanhuang,genxifayubuliang,bufenbingmiaozaiyizaiqianhoubujiusiwang。bingsizhizhubiaomianchanshengfenshengbaozi,nengjingfengyuchuanbodaojianmiao,congshangkouqinru,zaochengduocizaiqinran。danzhezhongzaiqinrannenglibijiaoruo,zaitianjianqinranjiankangdaomiaodekenengxinghenxiao。
播前用藥浸種是防治惡苗病的有效措施,適用藥有氰烯菌酯、咯菌腈、乙蒜素、mixianandeng。danyongyaoliangguodihuoyongyaonongduguodihuidaozhifangxiaoxiajiang,zaochengemiaobingfasheng。yongyaojinzhongshijianguoduan,yehuidaozhifangxiaoxiajiang。bufendiqushuidaoemiaobingbingjunduimixiananchanshenglekangxing,zaizhexiediqu,yihuanyongqingxijunzhi、乙蒜素、咯菌腈等藥浸種。在水稻浸種過程中,病種子上的病菌會汙染無病種子。水稻惡苗病病菌主要在催芽期間侵染芽穀,此時稻種堆積、wenshidushiyi,youbufendaozhongxiedaidefenshengbaozidaliangmengfa,bujinqinranyuanlaidaijundedaozhong,haiqinranyuanlaibudaijundedaozhong,shiranbinglvdafudutigao。yibancuiyadebibucuiyadefabingzhong,cuiyashijianyuechangfabingyuezhong。yongyaojinzhonghoubujingcuiyahuocuizhilubaibozhongnengyouxiaokongzhiemiaobingfasheng。youyanjiubiaoming,suoduanjinzhongcuiyadeshijian,duiemiaobingyeyouxianzhudeyufangzuoyong,yiganzhongzhijiebozhongzuiweimingxian。xiangduiyujinzhongcuiyalaishuo,ganzhongzhijiebozhongduiemiaobingdebingzhufangxiaokeda80%以上。
上述移栽、機插稻田惡苗病發生較重,可能與浸種選藥不當、浸種質量差、催cui芽ya時shi間jian長chang等deng有you較jiao大da關guan係xi。旱han直zhi播bo水shui稻dao,一yi般ban播bo種zhong幹gan籽zi,不bu催cui芽ya,病bing菌jun侵qin染ran率lv低di,即ji使shi有you部bu分fen帶dai菌jun種zhong子zi,病bing菌jun一yi般ban也ye不bu會hui侵qin染ran健jian苗miao,因yin而er發fa病bing輕qing或huo不bu發fa病bing。
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