1、溫度。冬灌的適宜溫度是日平均氣溫3℃左zuo右you,冬dong灌guan過guo早zao,氣qi溫wen較jiao高gao,蒸zheng發fa量liang大da,入ru冬dong時shi失shi墒shang過guo多duo,起qi不bu到dao蓄xu水shui保bao墒shang冬dong灌guan應ying有you的de作zuo用yong,還hai會hui造zao成cheng麥mai苗miao徒tu長chang。冬dong灌guan過guo遲chi,溫wen度du低di,土tu壤rang表biao層ceng易yi結jie冰bing,帶dai來lai凍dong害hai,造zao成cheng死si苗miao。適shi時shi的de冬dong灌guan應ying掌zhang握wo"夜凍日消,冬灌正好"的原則。
2、墒情。一般麥田土壤5-20厘米根係分布層內的含水量砂土低於15%,壤土低於17%,粘土低於19%時(shi)應(ying)進(jin)行(xing)冬(dong)灌(guan)。對(dui)於(yu)二(er)季(ji)晚(wan)稻(dao)田(tian)的(de)接(jie)茬(cha)麥(mai)由(you)於(yu)播(bo)種(zhong)晚(wan),冬(dong)前(qian)生(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)短(duan),有(you)效(xiao)積(ji)溫(wen)相(xiang)對(dui)不(bu)足(zu),葉(ye)少(shao),根(gen)少(shao),無(wu)分(fen)蘖(nie)或(huo)分(fen)蘖(nie)少(shao),為(wei)了(le)利(li)用(yong)初(chu)冬(dong)和(he)早(zao)春(chun)兩(liang)個(ge)凍(dong)融(rong)時(shi)期(qi)的(de)有(you)效(xiao)積(ji)溫(wen)來(lai)提(ti)高(gao)播(bo)種(zhong)層(ceng)地(di)溫(wen),促(cu)進(jin)分(fen)蘖(nie),在(zai)底(di)墒(shang)足(zu)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),一(yi)般(ban) 不宜進行冬灌。可采取中耕鬆土等保墒措施提高地溫,培育壯苗,實現安全越冬。
3、苗情。麥苗群體數量大、長勢旺的一般不必冬灌。晚播麥田特別是分蘖少、changshishouruodemaitianyibanyebuyaojinxingdongguan,yifangzhidonglingtaimiao,shimaimiaozaoshoudonghai。dankeyicaiquzaojiaofennieshui,yishuitiaofei,yishuigongmiaodecuoshi,cushimaimiaoyouruobianzhuang,chunhouzaofa。
麥(mai)苗(miao)冬(dong)灌(guan)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)灌(guan)水(shui)質(zhi)量(liang),杜(du)絕(jue)大(da)水(shui)漫(man)灌(guan),以(yi)能(neng)澆(jiao)透(tou)當(dang)天(tian)滲(shen)完(wan)為(wei)宜(yi),切(qie)忌(ji)大(da)水(shui)漫(man)灌(guan)地(di)麵(mian)積(ji)水(shui),結(jie)成(cheng)冰(bing)層(ceng)。灌(guan)後(hou)要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)鋤(chu)地(di)鬆(song)土(tu),防(fang)止(zhi)地(di)麵(mian)龜(gui)裂(lie),透(tou)風(feng)傷(shang)根(gen),造(zao)成(cheng)死(si)苗(miao)。
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