農機具的選用。目前生產上選用的農機具主要是2BMFS型免耕覆蓋施肥播種機,如:2BMFS-5/10型、2BMFS-6/12型。2BMFS型免耕覆蓋施肥播種機與四輪拖拉機配套使用,一次完成碎稈、滅茬、開溝、施肥、播種、鎮壓等項作業。既可在直立玉米秸稈或玉米秸稈粉碎還田地中播種小麥,也可以在高麥茬地中播種玉米。
高(gao)濃(nong)度(du)粒(li)狀(zhuang)複(fu)合(he)肥(fei)或(huo)複(fu)混(hun)肥(fei)作(zuo)底(di)肥(fei)。由(you)於(yu)小(xiao)麥(mai)機(ji)械(xie)化(hua)保(bao)護(hu)性(xing)耕(geng)作(zuo)是(shi)利(li)用(yong)秸(jie)稈(gan)及(ji)殘(can)茬(cha)覆(fu)蓋(gai)保(bao)護(hu)土(tu)壤(rang),無(wu)需(xu)再(zai)施(shi)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei),但(dan)必(bi)須(xu)用(yong)高(gao)濃(nong)度(du)粒(li)狀(zhuang)複(fu)合(he)肥(fei)或(huo)複(fu)混(hun)肥(fei)作(zuo)底(di)肥(fei),以(yi)滿(man)足(zu)小(xiao)麥(mai)前(qian)中(zhong)期(qi)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育(yu)需(xu)要(yao)。一(yi)般(ban)要(yao)求(qiu)氮(dan)磷(lin)鉀(jia)有(you)效(xiao)含(han)量(liang)在(zai)40%以上,並且最好是選擇突出磷肥的複合肥或複混肥,畝施量40-50千克。
zengjiabozhongliang。xiaomaijixiehuabaohuxinggengzuoshigengzuocengturangshusong,yifashengbozhongshifutuzhenyabushi,duichumiaoyouyidingdeyingxiang,yinciyaoqiubozhonglianglvegaoyuchangguibozhongliang10%。並且為了防治病蟲害,在播種時用種衣劑拌種(用包衣種子)。
jieshuiguangai。jixiehuabaohuxinggengzuodexiaomaijuyouyidingdejieshuiqianneng,zaishengchanshangkeyijianshaoguanshuicishuyuguanshuiliang。youyugaixiangjishurongyizaochengturangjinshidubugou,dongjiyi"跑風"傷(shang)根(gen),產(chan)生(sheng)凍(dong)害(hai)死(si)苗(miao),在(zai)土(tu)壤(rang)墒(shang)情(qing)不(bu)足(zu)時(shi),最(zui)好(hao)澆(jiao)凍(dong)水(shui)。小(xiao)麥(mai)生(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)最(zui)關(guan)鍵(jian)的(de)灌(guan)水(shui)期(qi)是(shi)拔(ba)節(jie)期(qi)澆(jiao)春(chun)季(ji)第(di)一(yi)水(shui),一(yi)般(ban)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),拔(ba)節(jie)期(qi)澆(jiao)水(shui)可(ke)視(shi)苗(miao)情(qing)而(er)定(ding),時(shi)間(jian)範(fan)圍(wei)為(wei)起(qi)身(shen)後(hou)期(qi)(早拔節水)至旗葉露尖(晚拔節水),苗越壯,群體越大,澆水越要後延;苗偏弱,群體偏小可適當提前。第2水的關鍵期在小麥抽穗開花前後,視苗情、天tian氣qi狀zhuang況kuang而er定ding,時shi間jian範fan圍wei為wei挑tiao旗qi後hou至zhi開kai花hua結jie束shu。一yi般ban情qing況kuang下xia澆jiao兩liang次ci水shui即ji可ke,如ru遇yu後hou期qi幹gan旱han,可ke再zai補bu澆jiao一yi次ci灌guan漿jiang水shui。在zai習xi慣guan小xiao畦qi橫heng灌guan的de地di區qu,澆jiao水shui可ke改gai成cheng順shun澆jiao形xing式shi。
追(zhui)肥(fei)。據(ju)試(shi)驗(yan)證(zheng)明(ming),小(xiao)麥(mai)多(duo)次(ci)追(zhui)肥(fei),比(bi)以(yi)往(wang)冬(dong)前(qian)或(huo)春(chun)季(ji)一(yi)次(ci)性(xing)澆(jiao)水(shui)施(shi)肥(fei),更(geng)有(you)利(li)於(yu)群(qun)體(ti)的(de)穩(wen)健(jian)發(fa)展(zhan),保(bao)證(zheng)高(gao)產(chan)穩(wen)產(chan)和(he)提(ti)高(gao)品(pin)質(zhi)。具(ju)體(ti)要(yao)求(qiu)為(wei),追(zhui)肥(fei)一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)結(jie)合(he)澆(jiao)水(shui)進(jin)行(xing),澆(jiao)第(di)一(yi)水(shui)時(shi)畝(mu)追(zhui)施(shi)尿(niao)素(su)10-15千克,澆第2水時補追尿素5-7.5千克。如果澆第2水時(即抽穗前後)苗(miao)無(wu)缺(que)肥(fei)現(xian)象(xiang),則(ze)這(zhe)次(ci)肥(fei)可(ke)以(yi)少(shao)追(zhui)或(huo)不(bu)追(zhui),或(huo)隻(zhi)是(shi)點(dian)片(pian)找(zhao)補(bu),也(ye)可(ke)改(gai)成(cheng)防(fang)治(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)時(shi)加(jia)入(ru)適(shi)量(liang)尿(niao)素(su),實(shi)行(xing)葉(ye)麵(mian)追(zhui)肥(fei)。總(zong)之(zhi),包(bao)括(kuo)底(di)肥(fei)在(zai)內(nei)總(zong)施(shi)純(chun)氮(dan)每(mei)畝(mu)15千克左右(以施用肥料品種的有效含量計算),肥沃地可適當減量。
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