zaodaozhengchuyuchousuiqianhou,daotianyijingjieshuleshaitianjieduan,yaoqiuturangshuifenshirunbianyukaihuaguanjiang,jimanzushuidaojieshiduishuifendexuyao,youshiturangtouqilianghao,baozhenggenxihuoli,cainenggaoxiaoxishouliyongturangyangfen。xiazhishijiedeshifei,zaihuaiheyinanzhengshizaodaochousuiyanghuashiqi,zaodaodejieshiqicongchousuizhichengshuxuyao30~40tian,wanchengkaihuashoujingheguanjiangjieshiguocheng。zhejieduandeyingyanggongyingzhuangkuangzhijieyingxiangzaodaodesuilishuhelizhong,shizuihoujuedingchanliangxingchengdeguanjianshiqi。shuidaodelizhongyou“穀粒大小”和“充實度”兩liang部bu分fen構gou成cheng,充chong實shi度du決jue定ding於yu這zhe期qi間jian灌guan漿jiang物wu質zhi的de合he成cheng與yu運yun輸shu狀zhuang況kuang,加jia強qiang後hou期qi營ying養yang管guan理li,是shi促cu進jin早zao稻dao粒li大da粒li飽bao防fang止zhi空kong殼ke秕bi粒li的de關guan鍵jian時shi候hou。水shui稻dao的de灌guan漿jiang是shi光guang合he產chan物wu由you莖jing葉ye向xiang籽zi粒li的de不bu斷duan運yun輸shu,在zai開kai花hua後hou的de15~20天出現灌漿高峰;而在花後的25~45天,稻穀籽粒的幹重就達到最大值,宣告成熟。
通(tong)常(chang)早(zao)稻(dao)品(pin)種(zhong)的(de)生(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)特(te)點(dian)為(wei),營(ying)養(yang)生(sheng)長(chang)與(yu)生(sheng)殖(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)部(bu)分(fen)時(shi)段(duan)的(de)重(zhong)疊(die),表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)穗(sui)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)先(xian)於(yu)拔(ba)節(jie),幼(you)穗(sui)分(fen)化(hua)早(zao),單(dan)純(chun)營(ying)養(yang)生(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)短(duan),生(sheng)殖(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)開(kai)始(shi)早(zao)且(qie)較(jiao)長(chang)。傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)施(shi)肥(fei)模(mo)式(shi)以(yi)前(qian)促(cu)為(wei)主(zhu),隻(zhi)重(zhong)視(shi)基(ji)蘖(nie)肥(fei),事(shi)實(shi)上(shang),後(hou)期(qi)稻(dao)株(zhu)營(ying)養(yang)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao),在(zai)於(yu)不(bu)出(chu)現(xian)早(zao)衰(shuai),保(bao)持(chi)個(ge)體(ti)健(jian)壯(zhuang)才(cai)為(wei)爭(zheng)取(qu)粒(li)數(shu)和(he)粒(li)重(zhong)提(ti)供(gong)可(ke)能(neng)和(he)有(you)利(li)於(yu)高(gao)產(chan)。水(shui)稻(dao)葉(ye)片(pian)是(shi)光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)器(qi)官(guan),後(hou)期(qi)稻(dao)株(zhu)不(bu)同(tong)部(bu)位(wei)葉(ye)片(pian)的(de)光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong)以(yi)上(shang)位(wei)展(zhan)開(kai)葉(ye)的(de)能(neng)力(li)最(zui)強(qiang)。抽(chou)穗(sui)後(hou)頂(ding)部(bu)第(di)2~3葉(ye)片(pian)是(shi)以(yi)供(gong)應(ying)籽(zi)粒(li)為(wei)主(zhu)。這(zhe)時(shi)施(shi)肥(fei)可(ke)使(shi)稻(dao)株(zhu)上(shang)部(bu)功(gong)能(neng)葉(ye)維(wei)持(chi)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)營(ying)養(yang)水(shui)平(ping),確(que)保(bao)其(qi)保(bao)持(chi)較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)光(guang)合(he)能(neng)力(li),也(ye)促(cu)使(shi)遲(chi)開(kai)的(de)弱(ruo)勢(shi)花(hua)得(de)到(dao)充(chong)足(zu)營(ying)養(yang),防(fang)止(zhi)早(zao)衰(shuai),延(yan)長(chang)灌(guan)漿(jiang),提(ti)高(gao)結(jie)實(shi)率(lv)和(he)千(qian)粒(li)重(zhong)。
此ci時shi追zhui肥fei主zhu要yao要yao考kao慮lv早zao稻dao對dui氮dan鉀jia養yang分fen需xu求qiu的de特te點dian。與yu晚wan稻dao相xiang比bi,早zao稻dao所suo需xu的de氮dan較jiao少shao而er需xu要yao的de鉀jia較jiao多duo。所suo以yi,追zhui肥fei要yao采cai用yong氮dan鉀jia肥fei配pei合he使shi用yong,後hou期qi補bu鉀jia很hen重zhong要yao。建jian議yi:早稻鉀肥的分配比例以基肥和追肥各一半為佳;此次氮肥的分配比例酌情三分之一或四分之一,折合純氮4公斤/畝以內。
總zong之zhi,要yao注zhu意yi看kan苗miao施shi肥fei。對dui於yu那na些xie拔ba節jie期qi已yi出chu現xian了le葉ye色se褪tui綠lv的de早zao稻dao田tian,後hou期qi適shi量liang追zhui施shi氮dan肥fei可ke以yi提ti高gao結jie實shi率lv,促cu進jin粒li大da粒li飽bao,有you利li於yu產chan量liang提ti高gao;但是追肥的時期、用量要恰當。如果過晚過多,會導致貪青晚熟或稻瘟病加重
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