一、最佳方案:防微杜漸早拔除
從cong穭lv稻dao的de發fa生sheng和he危wei害hai規gui律lv看kan,對dui於yu一yi般ban稻dao田tian,隻zhi要yao注zhu意yi將jiang田tian間jian具ju有you早zao熟shu特te性xing的de穭lv稻dao及ji時shi拔ba除chu,就jiu能neng有you效xiao控kong製zhi其qi群qun體ti在zai田tian間jian的de擴kuo大da,甚shen至zhi將jiang其qi滅mie絕jue。田tian間jian具ju有you早zao熟shu特te性xing的de穭lv稻dao一yi般ban拔ba節jie、抽穗較早,在正常栽培的水稻拔節、抽穗前,這些穭稻在田間通常植株較高,具有秈型稻特征的穭稻一般葉片比較寬大、sedan,fennielijiaoqiang,zhuxingjiaosongsan,tebieshizaiqigangkaishichousuishi,zaitianjianhenxianyan,rongyishibie,bianyubachu。daozhengchangzaipeideshuidaochousuihou,zhexielvdaochangyouyuzhugaojiaoai,huiyanruzaipeidaoquntizhong,bubianyuzhazhaohebachu。duiyuyuzaipeidaotongshichousuihuozhechousuigengchidelvdao,zuihaoyejizaobachu,yimianyingxiangdaomipinzhi。tebieshiyixiexianxinglvdao,jishiyuzaipeidaotongshichousui,yetongchanghuizaishoudaoqiantizaoluoli,chengweilainiantianjiandelvdaozhongyuan。
對於前期在田間發現的穭稻,應連根拔除(稻株較小時可以拔起後就地踩入泥中),不bu能neng采cai取qu割ge除chu的de方fang法fa,否fou則ze它ta們men會hui很hen快kuai產chan生sheng分fen蘖nie重zhong新xin生sheng長chang。到dao中zhong後hou期qi,田tian間jian水shui稻dao生sheng長chang繁fan茂mao,拔ba除chu穭lv稻dao相xiang對dui比bi較jiao費fei力li,可ke以yi用yong鐮lian刀dao割ge除chu。盡jin量liang齊qi泥ni或huo者zhe切qie入ru泥ni下xia將jiang穭lv稻dao割ge除chu,否fou則ze穭lv稻dao仍reng可ke能neng重zhong新xin生sheng長chang並bing抽chou穗sui結jie實shi。從cong田tian間jian剔ti出chu的de穭lv稻dao,最zui好hao集ji中zhong帶dai離li農nong田tian妥tuo善shan處chu理li,或huo者zhe用yong刀dao在zai稻dao株zhu基ji部bu切qie斷duan,不bu要yao隨sui手shou拋pao棄qi在zai田tian邊bian地di頭tou或huo溝gou中zhong。
genjujinjinianbizhezaiyixiedifanglejiedaodeqingkuang,zaiduonianzhongzhizhibodaodedifang,xiangdanyangdengdi,nongminyiduilvdaodefashengheweihaiyoujiaoshenrenshi,huizhuyizaizhibodaobajiechuqihechousuiqian,jieheshifeihepenyaozhichongdengnongshihuodong,suishibachutianjianlvdao。zhengchangqingkuangxia,kaishishitianjianlvdaoyibanbutaiduo,exingzaoshulvdao(主要是秈型稻)每畝地也就幾十株、jibaizhu,bayiliangcijiunengqingchu,bingbufeishi。ruguobujiachuli,renqizhongziluorutianjian,diernianzaizhibozhongdao,tianjianlvdaozhuhuichengbaibeidizengjia,chuliqilaijiumafanle。
二、穩妥方案:改移栽稻早封殺
在直播稻田、套(tao)播(bo)稻(dao)田(tian)穭(lv)稻(dao)比(bi)較(jiao)多(duo),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)早(zao)熟(shu)穭(lv)稻(dao)很(hen)多(duo),難(nan)以(yi)完(wan)全(quan)拔(ba)除(chu),落(luo)入(ru)田(tian)間(jian)的(de)穭(lv)稻(dao)種(zhong)源(yuan)很(hen)多(duo)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),第(di)二(er)年(nian)不(bu)宜(yi)再(zai)采(cai)用(yong)直(zhi)播(bo)方(fang)式(shi)種(zhong)稻(dao)。最(zui)好(hao)采(cai)用(yong)與(yu)玉(yu)米(mi)、大豆等作物輪作的方式,在玉米、大豆等作物生長季節鋤去穭稻,或者用除草劑化除。輪作換茬不方便的田塊,可以深耕整地後移栽水稻(育秧時避免使用帶穭稻種子的土壤和地塊),活棵後撒施含乙草胺、異丙甲草胺(精都爾)成分的移栽稻田除草劑進行土壤封閉處理。乙草胺、異yi丙bing甲jia草cao胺an在zai水shui田tian施shi用yong活huo性xing很hen強qiang,能neng強qiang烈lie抑yi製zhi殘can留liu田tian間jian的de穭lv稻dao種zhong子zi的de萌meng發fa,並bing對dui穭lv稻dao幼you苗miao也ye有you較jiao強qiang的de殺sha滅mie作zuo用yong,施shi藥yao後hou能neng迅xun速su減jian輕qing田tian間jian穭lv稻dao危wei害hai。施shi藥yao後hou一yi周zhou內nei應ying保bao持chi田tian水shui不bu淹yan栽zai培pei稻dao秧yang心xin,否fou則ze容rong易yi產chan生sheng藥yao害hai。目mu前qian移yi栽zai稻dao田tian常chang用yong的de丁ding?苄、丙?苄等含丁草胺、丙草胺的除草劑,在水稻移栽活棵後施用,對穭稻種子萌發和幼苗生長的抑製作用不強,對穭稻的防除效果較差。
三、應急方案:巧用丙草胺封殺
頭年隻有少量穭稻種子落入田間的田塊,可以利用丙草胺產品的特點,巧除穭稻,減少田間穭稻的發生量。
丙草胺本身對稻種萌發有很強的抑製作用,不能直接應用於直播稻田的播後苗前土壤封閉處理。目前登記用於直播稻田的掃茀特、丙?biandenghanbingcaoanchanpin,qizhongjunjiayouanquanjijiecaoding。jiecaodingxuyaoyoudaozhongmengfadegenxishouhoucainengqizuoyong。daozhongcuiyahoushuizhibo,suihoulijipenshisao茀te、丙?苄等加有安全劑的含丙草胺產品,對已萌發的栽培稻沒有傷害,但能抑製田間穭稻種子的萌發和出苗(6月初直播稻播種期溫度高,水稻種子吸水萌發一般隻需要2-3天時間,應掌握在田間上水後2天內及早用藥,這樣才能對穭稻萌發和出苗有較好的抑製作用)。
xiangduilaishuo,zaihanzhibodaotianhennantongguoshiyongbingcaoandengturangfengbichulijilaiyouxuanzedifangchulvdao。shengchanshangshuidaohanzhiboyibancaiyongganzibozhongfangshi,bozhonghoubunenglijipenshibingcaoan,fouzetongyanghuiyingxiangbozhongdedaogumengfachumiao。ruguodengbozhongdedaogulubaihouzaipenyao,cishitianjianlvdaoyeyimengfa,bunengbeifangchu。zaibozhonghounengjishishangshuideqingkuangxia,keyibozhongjinzhongzhilubaidezhongzi,bohoujishishangshui(不能及時上水時,芽穀會發生“回芽”現象,影響出苗),shuiluoganhoulijipenshibingcaoanjiqifupeiji,duilvdaomengfayeyouyidingdeyizhizuoyong。xiangduilaishuo,zaihanzhibotiaojianxiaturangshuifenjiaoshao,shiyaohoubingcaoanzaiturangzhongdefenbuhuishouyidingyingxiang,erqieyaowuzaiturangzhongdeyidongxingjiaocha,duilvdaomengfahechumiaodeyizhizuoyongburuzaishuizhibotiandeda。congkongzhilvdaofashengheweihaidejiaodukaolv,yijinliangcaiyongshuizhibofangshi。
四、補救方案:撒施驃馬除穭稻
近年來一些連續種植直播稻、taobodaodetiankuai,yinlvdaofashengzhong,nongminzixinggaiyongyizaifangshizhongdao,danwangwangbunengshiyongheshideturangfengbichulijijianglvdaoxiaomiezaimengyazhiqian,shuidaoyizaihouyiduanshijiantianjianhuichuxianjiaoduodezishengdao。duizhexietiankuai,yijiqianqiyongyicaoandengchucaojifengbichulixiaoguobutaihaodetiankuai,keyiqiaoda“高度差”,在水稻移栽後15-20天,用驃馬除掉田間生長較矮的穭稻。一般每畝用驃馬50-60毫升拌土10公斤左右撒施(不能噴施)。施藥後一周內應保持適當的水層,以不淹沒栽培稻秧心(淹秧心會對稻苗產生嚴重藥害),younengshilvdaomiaodabufenyanrushuizhongweidu。xianxingdaobijingxingdaoduibiaomagengmingan,erjinnianlaizainongtianfashengheweihaijiaozhongdelvdaoyibanweixianxingdao,yongbiaomachuzhixiaoguohenhao。
在直播稻田,一旦田間有大量穭稻與栽培稻同時出苗,無法用除草劑化除,在不能人工拔除的情況下,最好對稻苗加量噴施克無蹤、百草枯等滅生性除草劑將其殺死,同時及早選用生育期短的品種,抓緊時間育苗,毀耕後移栽。
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