一yi般ban雙shuang子zi葉ye作zuo物wu比bi單dan子zi葉ye作zuo物wu對dui麥mai角jiao甾zai醇chun生sheng物wu合he成cheng抑yi製zhi劑ji更geng加jia敏min感gan,這zhe類lei殺sha菌jun劑ji在zai雙shuang子zi葉ye作zuo物wu上shang使shi用yong更geng容rong易yi造zao成cheng藥yao害hai。據ju報bao道dao,用yong烯xi唑zuo醇chun防fang治zhi西xi瓜gua和he辣la椒jiao苗miao期qi白bai粉fen病bing,曾zeng在zai浙zhe江jiang和he江jiang蘇su造zao成cheng嚴yan重zhong的de僵jiang苗miao;噴施三唑類藥物,導致黃瓜節間縮短,葉片和瓜果短小;在陝西,用40%福星(氟矽唑)8000~10000倍液防治梨黑星病,曾發生過出現卷葉症狀的藥害;用烯唑醇的同係物多效唑處理早稻秧苗,造成後茬粳稻秧苗僵化;用三唑酮進行種子處理,曾造成小麥大麵積不出苗。
tongleizuowudebutongpinzhongduisanzuoleishajunjideminganxingyoujiaodachayi,rujingdaobixiandaomingan。butongdesanzuoleishajunjipinzhongduizhiwudeshengchangyizhinenglibutong。junanjingnongyedaxuezhiwubaohuxueyuanzhoumingguodengrenyanjiu,yongxiangtongnongdudesanzuoleishajunjijinxingzhongzichuli,duiheguleizuowuchumiaohou12天的葉麵積的生長抑製如下:抑黴唑15%,三唑醇16%,丙環唑20%,三唑酮22%,氯苯嘧啶醇23%,乙環唑27%,苄氯三唑醇28%,烯唑醇45%。烯唑醇對植物生長的抑製作用更為明顯。在水稻等作物上使用三唑類殺菌劑會導致作物葉片短小,嚴重時甚至不能抽穗。
shuidaochousuiqianpenshisanzuotong,qizuidadefuzuoyongshiyizhidaozhutineichimeisudehecheng,yingxiangsuixiajiejiandebachang,yanzhongdekezaochengshuidaochousuibuliang,chuxianbaojingxianxiang。danzaibutongshuidaopinzhong、不bu同tong的de用yong藥yao量liang條tiao件jian下xia,這zhe種zhong副fu作zuo用yong所suo造zao成cheng的de影ying響xiang也ye不bu一yi樣yang,並bing不bu是shi抽chou穗sui前qian噴pen施shi三san唑zuo酮tong後hou一yi定ding會hui出chu現xian水shui稻dao抽chou穗sui不bu良liang,事shi實shi上shang在zai大da多duo數shu情qing況kuang下xia噴pen施shi三san唑zuo酮tong後hou並bing不bu造zao成cheng太tai大da的de不bu利li影ying響xiang。對dui抽chou穗sui前qian噴pen施shi過guo三san唑zuo酮tong的de田tian塊kuai,特te別bie是shi過guo量liang噴pen施shi三san唑zuo酮tong的de田tian塊kuai,應ying注zhu意yi在zai抽chou穗sui期qi觀guan察cha水shui稻dao抽chou穗sui情qing況kuang,如ru果guo發fa現xian水shui稻dao抽chou穗sui困kun難nan,有you包bao頸jing現xian象xiang,可ke以yi酌zhuo情qing噴pen施shi赤chi黴mei素su促cu進jin水shui稻dao抽chou穗sui,一yi般ban每mei畝mu用yong赤chi黴mei素su純chun藥yao0.5克左右加水50公斤噴霧。
目前生產上防治稻瘟病的常用藥劑主要是三環唑(屬唑類農藥)、稻瘟靈(富士一號)deng。sanhuanzuoweibaohuxingyaoji,juneixixing,penyaohouyaowunengbeishuidaozhizhuxishou,bingzaitineichuandao,tongguozuzhidaowenbingbingjunbaozizaidaoyeshangmengfaheqinruerqizuoyong,daozhufabinghoushiyonggaiyaomeiyouxiaoguo,yebunengzuzhibingjunyoushangkouqinru,yingzaitianjianmeiyoufabinghuozhefabingchuqiyongyao。daowenlingduidaowenbingjianyouyufanghezhiliaozuoyong,zaishuidaofabinghoushiyongyeyoulianghaodefangzhixiaoguo。daowenbingcunzaiduidaowenlingkangyaoxingxiaozhong,ruguotianjianyouzhexiexiaozhong,yizaishuidaofabingchuqijiangsanhuanzuoyudaowenlingpeiheshiyong。
近年來,咪唑類廣譜性殺菌劑咪鮮胺(施保克、使百克)在(zai)水(shui)稻(dao)生(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)得(de)到(dao)大(da)麵(mian)積(ji)推(tui)廣(guang)應(ying)用(yong)。該(gai)藥(yao)通(tong)過(guo)抑(yi)製(zhi)甾(zai)醇(chun)的(de)生(sheng)物(wu)合(he)成(cheng)而(er)起(qi)作(zuo)用(yong),雖(sui)然(ran)不(bu)具(ju)內(nei)吸(xi)作(zuo)用(yong),但(dan)具(ju)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)傳(chuan)導(dao)性(xing)能(neng),對(dui)子(zi)囊(nang)菌(jun)及(ji)半(ban)知(zhi)菌(jun)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)多(duo)種(zhong)作(zuo)物(wu)病(bing)害(hai)有(you)特(te)效(xiao),在(zai)水(shui)稻(dao)上(shang)使(shi)用(yong)能(neng)有(you)效(xiao)防(fang)治(zhi)惡(e)苗(miao)病(bing)、稻曲病、稻瘟病等病害,特別是在穗期使用也有較好的安全性。據江蘇省綠盾植保農藥實驗有限公司報道,近年來該廠生產的田茂(36%多·咪鮮可濕性粉劑,含咪鮮胺4%、多菌靈32%)在近30萬畝水稻上用於防治稻瘟病、稻曲病等病害,防效達70%~90%,沒有發生藥害或者影響水稻抽穗,規避了硫·三環、三唑酮、烯唑醇等農藥品種在水稻穗期使用容易產生抽穗不良等藥害的問題。該藥與防治稻瘟病、稻曲病的常用藥井岡黴素、三環唑交替使用,有利於延緩病菌抗藥性的產生,提高防效。一般在水稻破口期每畝用藥45克,在病害偏重發生時宜適當加大用藥量,或者用藥2次,第一次適期用藥後隔5~7天再用藥一次。
上述陳誌華反映水稻在抽穗前發生了稻瘟病和白葉枯病。在這種情況下,單用三唑酮、三環唑、稻瘟靈、咪鮮胺、多菌靈等主要針對真菌性病害的藥劑,對水稻白葉枯病沒有效果,應將這些藥與防治水稻白葉枯病的藥劑如葉枯唑、克菌壯、銅高尚、噻森銅、噻菌銅等藥劑配合使用。選用銅高尚等銅製劑保護劑,既對水稻白葉枯病有良好的防治效果,又對稻瘟病、紋枯病有良好的防效,在田間水稻破口前7~10天用藥(可以掌握在田間有50%的水稻莖蘖的劍葉與倒二葉葉枕相平時用藥),對稻曲病也有良好的防治效果。
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