一、水綿特性
水綿屬於星接藻科1nianshengshuishenglvzaozhiwu,yisizhuangtiduanliezaishenghuoxingjieheshengzhi,youbaozimengfachengxindegeti,suishuichuanbo。shuimianshengminglihefanzhilijiqiang,xifei,youqizailinfeishiyongliangdadetiaojianxiashengchangwangsheng,fanzhisudujiakuai。turangpH值7.5左右的鹽堿穩靜水麵水綿生長最為適宜。一般在春季稻田灌水後,5月中旬開始發生,6月上旬隨著氣溫升高及田間磷肥和有機肥肥效的發揮而迅速繁殖和危害。
二、發生規律
幹旱少雨、水資源缺乏、灌guan溉gai經jing常chang使shi用yong循xun環huan水shui或huo隻zhi灌guan不bu排pai的de田tian塊kuai易yi發fa生sheng水shui綿mian危wei害hai,灌guan排pai水shui渠qu中zhong的de水shui綿mian孢bao子zi和he絲si狀zhuang體ti會hui隨sui水shui流liu入ru稻dao田tian繁fan殖zhi。上shang年nian水shui綿mian高gao發fa的de田tian塊kuai殘can存cun大da量liang水shui綿mian群qun體ti,來lai年nian灌guan水shui後hou會hui大da量liang複fu發fa。水shui質zhi惡e化hua,高gao量liang施shi用yong磷lin肥fei,形xing成cheng肥fei水shui能neng促cu進jin水shui綿mian發fa生sheng。導dao致zhi水shui綿mian大da發fa生sheng的de情qing況kuang有you:⑴長期積水的低窪靜水稻田,排水不良,水質惡化的稻田。⑵大量施用含磷肥料,形成肥水的稻田。⑶上年水綿高發生的稻田。
三、防治方法
⑴科學施肥,氮、磷、鉀合理配方。⑵合理灌排水,采用淺、幹、濕灌溉方法。⑶人ren工gong打da撈lao,水shui綿mian在zai田tian間jian形xing成cheng少shao量liang片pian狀zhuang時shi,先xian人ren工gong撈lao出chu,剩sheng餘yu的de水shui綿mian絲si狀zhuang體ti雖sui已yi斷duan裂lie,但dan其qi吸xi肥fei能neng力li極ji強qiang,很hen快kuai繁fan殖zhi形xing成cheng新xin的de群qun體ti,但dan斷duan裂lie的de絲si狀zhuang體ti傷shang口kou接jie觸chu藥yao液ye,會hui使shi水shui綿mian很hen快kuai中zhong毒du死si亡wang,所suo以yi打da澇lao後hou應ying及ji時shi施shi藥yao防fang治zhi。⑷化學防治,每畝用26%水綿淨可濕性粉劑65克,在水稻插秧後15天,水綿處在“塊狀期”施藥;7月份以後在水綿“被狀期”每畝用藥量100克,拌肥或拌細土撒施,切不可用幹土,施藥後田間保持水層4-6厘米5-7天。病弱苗或漏水田禁用水綿淨。
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