1.種植地塊的選擇
種植地塊要求空氣清潔,3kmneiwuwuranyuan,daqizhiliangfuhewugonghainongchanpinjididaqizhiliangbiaozhun。guangaishuiqingjiewuwuran,fuhewugonghainongchanpinjidishuizhibiaozhun。turangyaoxuanzesharangtuhuorangtuweihao,zuihaobuxuanzezhanzhiturang,turangfuhewugonghainongchanpinjiditurangzhiliangbiaozhun。
2.品種選擇
針對氣候特點和土壤狀況,選用抗逆性較強、耐瘠薄的品種。
3.茬口的選擇及整地
糜子對茬口反應特別敏感,應避免重迎茬種植,選擇保肥足水、有you機ji質zhi較jiao高gao的de地di塊kuai,最zui好hao前qian茬cha是shi大da豆dou茬cha。利li用yong原yuan壟long播bo種zhong,可ke以yi防fang旱han保bao墒shang,抓zhua全quan苗miao,從cong而er保bao證zheng糜mi子zi的de產chan量liang。播bo種zhong時shi,保bao證zheng水shui分fen是shi關guan鍵jian。糜mi子zi因yin籽zi粒li小xiao又you不bu宜yi深shen播bo,因yin而er認ren真zhen做zuo好hao整zheng地di過guo程cheng中zhong的de耙pa地di、鎮(zhen)壓(ya)等(deng)保(bao)墒(shang)工(gong)作(zuo),才(cai)能(neng)保(bao)證(zheng)糜(mi)子(zi)發(fa)芽(ya)出(chu)苗(miao)所(suo)需(xu)水(shui)分(fen)。為(wei)了(le)播(bo)種(zhong)保(bao)全(quan)苗(miao),首(shou)先(xian)要(yao)整(zheng)好(hao)地(di),整(zheng)地(di)前(qian)要(yao)除(chu)淨(jing)作(zuo)物(wu)的(de)殘(can)茬(cha),具(ju)體(ti)做(zuo)法(fa)是(shi)秋(qiu)翻(fan)地(di),然(ran)後(hou)利(li)用(yong)大(da)型(xing)農(nong)業(ye)機(ji)械(xie)聯(lian)合(he)整(zheng)地(di),一(yi)次(ci)性(xing)完(wan)成(cheng)耙(pa)、耮、壓,以增加土壤的蓄水能力,充分利用土壤的保墒能力達到保墒的效果;另外,也可春播前精細整地,達到平、勻、淨、細,上虛下實,利於保墒,從而達到保證全苗。
4.增施有機肥
糜(mi)子(zi)雖(sui)有(you)耐(nai)瘠(ji)薄(bo)的(de)特(te)點(dian),但(dan)要(yao)想(xiang)獲(huo)得(de)高(gao)產(chan),必(bi)須(xu)施(shi)肥(fei)充(chong)分(fen),滿(man)足(zu)糜(mi)子(zi)對(dui)土(tu)壤(rang)養(yang)分(fen)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。由(you)於(yu)瘠(ji)薄(bo)地(di)土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)比(bi)較(jiao)低(di),肥(fei)力(li)較(jiao)差(cha),施(shi)用(yong)一(yi)定(ding)量(liang)的(de)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)有(you)顯(xian)著(zhu)增(zeng)產(chan)作(zuo)用(yong)。試(shi)驗(yan)結(jie)果(guo)表(biao)明(ming),在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)範(fan)圍(wei)內(nei),隨(sui)著(zhe)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)施(shi)用(yong)量(liang)的(de)增(zeng)加(jia),糜(mi)子(zi)產(chan)量(liang)顯(xian)著(zhu)提(ti)高(gao),有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)與(yu)適(shi)量(liang)的(de)氮(dan)、磷肥配合做底肥效果最佳。一般施用有機肥比不施用有機肥可增產10%以yi上shang。施shi用yong有you機ji肥fei能neng增zeng加jia土tu壤rang有you機ji質zhi,提ti高gao土tu壤rang的de肥fei力li和he土tu壤rang的de供gong肥fei能neng力li,增zeng強qiang土tu壤rang蓄xu水shui保bao墒shang能neng力li,為wei瘠ji薄bo地di糜mi子zi奪duo取qu高gao產chan打da下xia了le良liang好hao基ji礎chu。一yi般ban每mei667m2施農家肥1000~1500kg,播種時每667m2施磷酸二銨10kg做口肥。
5.適時播種
糜子在高寒地區的適宜播種期一般為5月中旬左右。播種過早,糜子苗期易受幹旱和凍害,等到成熟期大量落粒;bozhongguowan,youyitanqingwanshu,shouzaoshuangdonghai。jutibozhongshijianhaiyaoshiturangshangqinghepinzhongerding,danyaoquebaozaizaoshuangqiannenggouzhengchangchengshu。weiquebaozengchan,yibanzai5月15~20日適時播種。播前曬種2~3tian,yingyongyongyanshuijinxingxuanzhong,chuqubiguhecaozi。weilefangzhidixiahaichonghemiziheisuibingdefasheng,zaibozhongqianyingyongyaojibanzhong。xuanwufengtianlongshangjixiekaigoushifeitiaobo,xingju66cm,一般每667m2播種量不超過1kg,播後覆土3~5cm,覆土要均勻一致。為了保證土壤的墒情,也可以采用開溝後,座濾水,播種後覆土鎮壓。
6.田間管理
miziyouyadingtunenglijiaoruo,zaichumiaoqianruyuyurongyizaochenglongshangturangbanjie,xingchengyinggai,yingjishicaiyongzhenyadengnongyecuoshishusongbiaotu,pochuyinggai,baozhengchumiaozhengqi。ruguofaxianchuxianquemiaoduantiaoqingkuang,yaojishijinxingtianjianbuzhong。mizichumiaohou,dangyoumiaochangdao3~5片葉時,用滾子壓青苗l~2次,以促進根係發育,春季天氣幹旱,苗期應灌水1~2次,並且在拔節時每667m2追施尿素5~7kg。生育期內及時鏟趟,要達到三鏟三趟,做到細鏟細趟,達到鬆土和除草的目的,以促進根係的生長發育。第一遍在出苗後苗高2cm以上時深趟,少上土,即趟蒙頭土利於提高地溫,兼有滅草的作用;第二遍在苗高10cm時,淺趟加厚培土,趟碰頭土,結合鏟趟進行田間間苗,一般由於糜子種子小,播種時為保全苗,播種量大,這時要及時進行間苗;zhongguonongyewangjianyizuihouyibianzaifenglongqianshentangshangtu,zhuyibuyaoyamiao,zheyangnengqidaofangzhidaofu,tongshiyenengqidaochucaodexiaoguo。shengchanghouqiruguotianjianzacaobijiaoda,yaojinxingrengongbadacao2~3次。
7.適時收獲
當糜子的籽粒有2/3以上成熟以後,在無風天的早上或晚上進行及時收獲。收獲過早,沒有成熟,會影響糜子的產量和品質;收獲過晚容易造成糜子掉粒,嚴重影響糜子產量。收獲後要及時進行脫粒、晾曬、入庫。
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