健康的肉牛
，眼睛明亮有神
，眼球左右轉動自如，眼皮活潑

，鼻鏡濕潤


，鼻、口及陰部沒有異常分泌物

，被毛短而有光澤，皮膚有彈性

，腳步穩健，動作靈活
，躺臥時身體較長。

食shi欲yu是shi肉rou牛niu健jian康kang的de最zui可ke靠kao指zhi證zheng，一yi般ban情qing況kuang下xia，隻zhi要yao生sheng病bing，首shou先xian就jiu會hui影ying響xiang到dao肉rou牛niu的de食shi欲yu，每mei天tian早zao上shang給gei料liao時shi注zhu意yi看kan一yi下xia飼si槽cao是shi否fou有you剩sheng料liao，對dui於yu早zao期qi發fa現xian疾ji病bing是shi十shi分fen重zhong要yao的de。另ling外wai

，反fan芻chu的de好hao壞huai能neng很hen好hao的de地di反fan映ying肉rou牛niu的de健jian康kang狀zhuang況kuang。健jian康kang肉rou牛niu每mei日ri反fan芻chu8小時左右，特別晚間反芻較多。一般情況下病牛隻要開始反芻，就說明疾病有所好轉。成年肉牛的正常體溫為38～39.5℃
，犢牛為38.5～39.8℃。當牛患傳染病、胃腸炎及肺炎等疾病時，體溫多數達40℃以上。成年牛每分鍾呼吸10～30次，犢牛40～60次。呼出的氣體有臭味是牛患病的一個特征。一般成年牛脈博數為每分鍾40～80次，犢牛為80～100次。

正常牛每日排糞10～15次
，排尿8～10次。健康牛的糞便有適當硬度，排泄牛糞為一節一節的，但肥育牛糞稍軟
，排泄次數一般也稍多，尿一般適明，略帶黃色。

當dang牛niu患huan病bing時shi
，要yao進jin行xing衛wei生sheng管guan理li，使shi疾ji病bing不bu再zai惡e化hua
，早zao日ri康kang複fu。如ru患huan了le傳chuan染ran病bing，首shou先xian要yao把ba牛niu隔ge離li開kai，並bing對dui周zhou圍wei環huan境jing消xiao毒du。非fei必bi要yao的de人ren員yuan不bu要yao接jie觸chu病bing牛niu，以yi防fang止zhi疾ji病bing的de蔓man延yan。體ti弱ruo的de病bing牛niu
，一yi般ban怕pa冷leng，要yao注zhu意yi保bao溫wen。對dui中zhong署shu的de牛niu
，應ying即ji牽qian到dao陰yin涼liang的de地di方fang，讓rang其qi飲yin冷leng水shui或huo往wang牛niu體ti上shang澆jiao灑sa水shui
，使shi其qi降jiang溫wen。此ci外wai，要yao經jing常chang清qing理li糞fen牛niu舍she便bian，因yin為wei牛niu糞fen中zhong含han有you大da量liang的de大da腸chang杆gan菌jun及ji其qi病bing原yuan菌jun。牛niu舍she的de地di麵mian要yao保bao持chi幹gan燥zao，應ying墊dian上shang幹gan燥zao的de稻dao草cao，以yi阻zu止zhi病bing原yuan菌jun的de滋zi生sheng。當dang牛niu患huan關guan節jie炎yan或huo腐fu蹄ti病bing

，身shen體ti有you傷shang時shi，要yao防fang止zhi糞fen尿niao汙wu染ran傷shang口kou，保bao持chi牛niu體ti幹gan淨jing，這zhe樣yang就jiu會hui較jiao快kuai痊quan愈yu。

yongyaowuzhiliaobingniu，geiyaofangfayibanshijiangyaohunjinsiliaoheyinshuizhong。buguoyoushisiliaohunyaohouniubuaichi
，haiyouxieyaobunengyusiliaohunhe，zhejiuyaocaiquqitafangfajinxingguanwei。keyiyongjuyixipingzigeiyao
，guanyaoshishouzhuazhuniubihuan，jiangniutoushaotigaoyixie，congniuzuihengcemeiyadedifangjiangpingzisairu，jiangyaoxuxuguanjinkoudeshenchu，yaofangzhiniujiangyaotuchulai。danniukesoushiyingtingzhiguanyao，daipingxihouzaiguan。yekeyiyongbiguandefangfageiyao，jiangxiangpiguanxiaduantushangshiyou，xianjiangguanziwangbikongcharu40厘li米mi左zuo右you，待dai牛niu有you下xia咽yan動dong作zuo的de瞬shun間jian迅xun速su將jiang管guan子zi插cha進jin去qu。管guan子zi插cha進jin食shi道dao時shi，會hui感gan到dao牛niu多duo少shao有you點dian反fan抗kang。如ru誤wu插cha入ru氣qi管guan內nei，牛niu不bu反fan抗kang，而er不bu停ting地di咳ke嗽sou。當dang管guan子zi下xia到dao咽yan頭tou20～30limichushi，kecongguanzideyiduanjisuxianglichuiqi，cishi，huikandaozuojingceshidaogoubodong，erxiqishiyoumeiyoudongxixishanglai

，yongzhezhongfangfakeyiquedingguanzishifouchajinleshidao。quedingleshishidaoyihouzaiwangshenchucha，dangchajinweilizhihou，kezaiguanziwaiduanzhuangshangloudou，xianguanshaoliangdeshui，ranhouzaiguanyao，guanbizaiguanshaoliangshuibaguanzineideyaoyechongxiganjing

，ranhouquxialoudou，xiangguanzineichuiqi
，dangguanzikonglezhihouzaimanmanchouchulai。