zhongcaoyangchuyichengweijinnianlainongcunchanyejiegoutiaozhengderemenhuati。nongminyaokaofazhanchumuyezengshouzhifu,jiuyaodalizhongzhiyouzhimucao,yicaodailiang,youxiaodijiangdisiliaochengben,yiqudelixiangdejingjixiaoyi。weilebangzhunongminfajiazhifu,jiehejinnianlaizhidaonongminzhongcaoyangchudejingyan,tantanzhongcaoyangchuyingzhuyidejigewenti。
一、選擇優良牧草品種,避免引進劣質草種
農民種植牧草要注意選種對氣候、土(tu)壤(rang)等(deng)環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)有(you)較(jiao)強(qiang)適(shi)應(ying)性(xing),營(ying)養(yang)價(jia)值(zhi)高(gao),產(chan)量(liang)高(gao),且(qie)經(jing)過(guo)人(ren)工(gong)培(pei)育(yu)的(de)優(you)良(liang)飼(si)用(yong)牧(mu)草(cao),而(er)不(bu)是(shi)種(zhong)植(zhi)在(zai)自(zi)然(ran)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)自(zi)生(sheng)自(zi)滅(mie)的(de)野(ye)生(sheng)雜(za)草(cao)。一(yi)般(ban)來(lai)說(shuo),野(ye)生(sheng)雜(za)草(cao)營(ying)養(yang)價(jia)值(zhi)低(di),產(chan)量(liang)低(di),適(shi)口(kou)性(xing)差(cha)。因(yin)此(ci),農(nong)民(min)選(xuan)購(gou)牧(mu)草(cao)種(zhong)子(zi),最(zui)好(hao)到(dao)專(zhuan)業(ye)牧(mu)草(cao)種(zhong)子(zi)經(jing)營(ying)單(dan)位(wei)購(gou)買(mai),並(bing)詳(xiang)細(xi)了(le)解(jie)牧(mu)草(cao)品(pin)種(zhong)特(te)點(dian)、栽培技術以及病蟲害防治,並索要正規購種發票,目前,農民選購牧草種子時要嚴防引入空心蓮子草、紫莖澤蘭、飛機草、豚草、水shui葫hu蘆lu等deng惡e性xing雜za草cao,否fou則ze不bu僅jin會hui導dao致zhi牧mu草cao產chan量liang低di,品pin質zhi差cha,而er且qie還hai會hui導dao致zhi部bu分fen生sheng命ming力li較jiao強qiang的de惡e性xing雜za草cao生sheng長chang過guo盛sheng,以yi致zhi對dui本ben地di生sheng物wu的de多duo樣yang性xing和he農nong業ye生sheng產chan造zao成cheng損sun失shi。
二、配以科學的栽培技術,促進牧草高產穩產
一般牧草種子大都比較細小,所以要求播種前一定要精細整地,以便種子迅速均勻地出苗。播種時間要求是:多年生牧草最適宜秋播,春播、夏播、冬播次之;一年生牧草適宜春播、秋播,夏播次之,在不發生凍害的情況下以越早越好。出苗後要及時進行除草和間苗。一般要求中耕2-3ci,qijianjiehezhonggengchucaosongtuheyige,bingzhuyishidangdiguangaiheshifei,difeizaibozhongqianshizu。ciwai,haiyaozhuyipailaofangzihefangzhibingchonghai,yicujinmucaogaochan。
三、適時刈割飼喂畜禽,搞好牧草綜合開發
rengongzhongzhimucaoyuziranmuchangxiangbijiao,qizuidadeyoudianshimucaodechanlianghezhiliangdouyoujiaodadetigao,yinci,nongminzhongzhimucaoweifangzhichuqinjianta,bukemangmudifangmu,yingshishiyigehousiweichuqinhuohelishaizhichengqinggancao。jiumucaodeyigeshijianeryan,chousuiqidaokaihuaqiyigedehebenkemucao、yijishihuaqidaoshenghuaqiyigededoukemucao,qiyingyangjiazhixiangduijiaogao,shiyigedezuijiashiqi。dansiyangdechuqinbutong,tongyizhongmucaodeyigeshijianyebujinxiangtong,yibansiweiniu、羊等反芻家畜可適當刈割遲些,飼喂豬、禽、魚則可適當刈割早些。就牧草飼喂畜禽的方式而言,一般牛、羊等反芻家畜鮮喂、青貯、曬幹或加工成草粉飼喂也可;豬、禽則適宜鮮喂,且將牧草切碎或打漿後飼喂最為適宜,幹草宜粉碎後拌入其他飼料中喂給;yuzeshiyijiangmucaodajianghuojiagongchengxuanfukeliliaosiwei。jiumucaosiweichuqindejijietiaojieeryan,chucaiyongmucaohelidapeihehunbo,bingshishiyigewai,weitiaozhengmucaodejijiexingyuque,yingzaixia、秋季節牧草生長旺季,搞好牧草的綜合開發,可對牧草進行青貯、曬製青幹草和加工草粉,以調節冬季和早春牧草的供應。
四、結合當地資源搞好種草與養畜合理配套
在一些地方如玉米秸、紅薯藤、花生秧等農副產品豐富的地區,可引導農民適時開展青貯和曬製青幹草,以減少不必要的牧草和種植麵積。應盡量利用低產坡地、沙化地、鹽堿地、林果隙地、冬閑田、qiuxiantianhetianbiandizhongzhimucao,yixingchengnongzuowuhemucaozhongzhidexietiaofazhan。yaochongfenfahuizhongcaodeqianzaixiaoyi,bixujiangzhongcaoyuyangchuhelipeitao,zhiyouzheyang,cainengyouxiaodicujinmucaodezhuanhuahezengzhi。
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