對母牛的要求，總的來說要身體健康，發育正常，產奶多
，年輕(利用時間長)。選擇時，要把握三個要素。

生產性能 奶牛的生產性能,主zhu要yao包bao括kuo產chan奶nai量liang和he乳ru脂zhi率lv。產chan奶nai量liang是shi反fan映ying一yi頭tou奶nai牛niu的de實shi際ji泌mi乳ru能neng力li，也ye是shi奶nai牛niu最zui主zhu要yao的de經jing濟ji性xing狀zhuang
，乳ru脂zhi率lv是shi評ping定ding牛niu奶nai品pin質zhi的de一yi項xiang重zhong要yao指zhi標biao。

在正常情況下
，要求母牛一年產一犢，除60天幹乳期外，一般應產奶305天。如果產奶不足305天
，就不算好牛。

盡管在305天tian內nei都dou產chan奶nai，但dan有you的de產chan奶nai量liang高gao，有you的de產chan奶nai量liang低di。單dan靠kao實shi際ji產chan奶nai量liang進jin行xing比bi較jiao
，還hai不bu能neng完wan全quan反fan映ying出chu牛niu的de優you劣lie，因yin為wei每mei頭tou牛niu的de乳ru脂zhi率lv是shi不bu同tong的de，而er乳ru脂zhi率lv的de高gao低di，是shi衡heng量liang牛niu奶nai質zhi量liang的de重zhong要yao標biao誌zhi。按an規gui定ding，含han脂zhi率lv4%的為標準乳
，若低於3%dechengweidizhiru


，dizhirudejingjijiazhibigaozhirudi。jishishuliangduo，danhanzhilvdi
，rengranbunengtigaojingjixiaoyi。suoyi，yitoushengchanxingnenghaodenainiu，budanchannailianggao
，erqienaihanzhilvyegao。

外貌 一頭品質優良的黑白花奶牛的外貌應該具有如下優點：tixinggaoda，shenquchangershen，maoxiduaneryouguangze
，sizhijianzhuang，tizhijianshi，tixingduanzheng，toubuqingxiubingyujingbujiehelianghao。fudaerbuxiachui，rufangdaerbuxiachui
，fuzhelianghao，fuyoudanxing，rujingmaimingxian，rutoudaxiaoshizhong，chuizhi，chengzhuzhuang，fenbuyuncheng，xianaikuai。

健康檢查 xuanzenainiushi
，jiankangjianzhahenzhongyao。shouxian，lejieyouwujiehebinghebushiganjunbingdeng。yinweizheliangzhongbingshirenchugonghuanbing，weihaixinghenda。xuangounainiushi
，bixuqingmaizhuchushizheliangzhongbingdejianyizhengming，ruwujianyizhengming

，bixuqingshouyirenyuanjinxingjianyi，bukesuibiangoumai。qici，congwaibiaoguanchanainiudeyingyangzhuangkuang，qimayaoyouzhongdengdeyingyangshuiping
，pimaoyouguangze，pifuwupiyanjijishengchongbing。shiyulianghao
，daxiaobianzhengchang，jingshenbaoman，yandaeryoushen。disan，jianzharufang。yinrufangshichanrudezhongyaoqiguan，qijiegouyugongnengshifouzhengchangfeichangzhongyao。ruorufangsunshang，qichannailiangjiuhuidadajianshao。youxiexiarutou，youyurufangzhongdexijunshangweiwanquanxiaochu，hainengweihaiqitaruqu
，yinqijifaxingrufangyan。yinci，zaixuanzenainiushi，bixuzhuyizhexiewenti。ciwai，haibixuzhuyi
，rufangyaozuoyouduicheng，zhidirouruan，wumingxianxiachui，qianruqubihouruquyaolvedaxie。disi
，yaozhuyifanzhixingnengdejianzha。zaixuannainiushi，yaolejieshifouyoutai，keqingchumushouyijishurenyuanjianzha。duiwutaidenainiuyaolejiebuhuaiyundeyuanyin。ruonainiuhuanyouchankebing，peibushangzhong，buyigoumai。