脫水馬鈴薯丁是一種高質量的馬鈴薯食品,在食品市場上的地位越來越重要,可用於各種食品如罐頭肉、燜牛肉、凍肉餡餅、湯類、馬鈴薯沙拉等中。
工藝流程
馬鈴薯→清洗→去皮→切丁→漂燙→冷水洗滌→化學處理→幹燥→篩分→冷卻→包裝
操作要點
(1)原料:在zai選xuan用yong原yuan料liao時shi,要yao對dui其qi進jin行xing還hai原yuan糖tang與yu固gu形xing物wu總zong含han量liang的de測ce定ding。在zai馬ma鈴ling薯shu脫tuo水shui的de情qing況kuang下xia,氨an基ji酸suan與yu糖tang可ke能neng發fa生sheng反fan應ying,引yin起qi褐he變bian,因yin此ci應ying采cai用yong還hai原yuan糖tang含han量liang低di的de品pin種zhong。固gu形xing物wu含han量liang高gao的de原yuan料liao製zhi成cheng脫tuo水shui馬ma鈴ling薯shu丁ding,能neng表biao現xian出chu優you良liang的de性xing能neng。各ge類lei馬ma鈴ling薯shu的de相xiang對dui密mi度du有you很hen大da的de不bu同tong,相xiang對dui密mi度du大da的de原yuan料liao具ju有you優you良liang的de烹peng飪ren特te性xing。
除了以上兩種因素外,還應考慮到馬鈴薯的大小、類型是否一致,是否光滑,有沒有發芽現象。同時還要把馬鈴薯切開,檢查其內部是否有不同程度的壞死及其他病蟲害,並檢查其色澤、氣味、味道等。
(2)洗淨:必(bi)須(xu)將(jiang)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)清(qing)洗(xi)幹(gan)淨(jing),除(chu)去(qu)其(qi)上(shang)粘(zhan)附(fu)的(de)泥(ni)土(tu),減(jian)少(shao)汙(wu)染(ran)的(de)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu),同(tong)時(shi)對(dui)提(ti)高(gao)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)也(ye)很(hen)有(you)利(li)。清(qing)洗(xi)之(zhi)後(hou)要(yao)立(li)刻(ke)進(jin)行(xing)初(chu)步(bu)檢(jian)查(zha),除(chu)掉(diao)因(yin)輕(qing)微(wei)發(fa)綠(lv)、黴爛、機械損傷或其他病害而不適宜加工的馬鈴薯。
(3)去皮:由(you)於(yu)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)在(zai)收(shou)獲(huo)後(hou)不(bu)能(neng)及(ji)時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)加(jia)工(gong),而(er)經(jing)過(guo)一(yi)段(duan)時(shi)間(jian)的(de)貯(zhu)藏(zang)後(hou),去(qu)皮(pi)比(bi)較(jiao)困(kun)難(nan),采(cai)用(yong)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)去(qu)皮(pi)和(he)堿(jian)液(ye)去(qu)皮(pi)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)比(bi)較(jiao)有(you)效(xiao)。加(jia)工(gong)季(ji)節(jie)早(zao)期(qi)用(yong)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)去(qu)皮(pi)為(wei)宜(yi),不(bu)像(xiang)堿(jian)液(ye)去(qu)皮(pi)損(sun)失(shi)大(da);後期采用堿液去皮會更經濟和適宜些。
malingshuqupishishiyongzhengqihuojianyechangchangnengjiajuqihebiandefasheng。zaimalingshudebianyuan,youqishiweiguanshuzhouweichuxianbianheidefanyingwu,biqitabufengengjizhongxie。biansedechengduqujueyumalingshubaoluzaikongqizhongdechengdu。yinciyingjinliangjianshaoqupimalingshubaoluzaikongqizhongdeshijian,huozhexiangmalingshubiaomianlinshui,huozhejiangmalingshujinyushuizhong,zheyangjiukexinjianshaobiansexianxiang。ruoqibianseqingxiangyanzhongshi,kecaiyongeryanghualiuheyaliusuanyandenghaiyuanhuahewurongyelaibaochimalingshubiaomiandeshirun。
(4)切丁:切qie丁ding前qian要yao進jin行xing分fen類lei,揀jian選xuan去qu不bu合he格ge薯shu塊kuai。在zai進jin行xing清qing理li時shi,必bi須xu注zhu意yi薯shu塊kuai在zai空kong氣qi中zhong暴bao露lu的de時shi間jian,以yi防fang止zhi其qi發fa生sheng過guo分fen的de氧yang牝pin,同tong時shi通tong過guo安an裝zhuang在zai輸shu送song線xian上shang的de一yi個ge個ge噴pen水shui器qi,不bu斷duan地di噴pen水shui,保bao持chi瑪ma鈴ling薯shu表biao麵mian的de濕shi潤run。
馬ma鈴ling薯shu塊kuai切qie丁ding是shi在zai標biao準zhun化hua的de切qie丁ding機ji裏li進jin行xing的de,將jiang馬ma鈴ling薯shu送song入ru切qie丁ding機ji的de同tong時shi需xu加jia入ru一yi定ding流liu量liang的de水shui以yi保bao持chi刀dao口kou的de濕shi潤run與yu清qing潔jie。被bei切qie開kai的de馬ma鈴ling薯shu表biao麵mian在zai漂piao燙tang前qian必bi須xu洗xi幹gan淨jing。馬ma鈴ling薯shu丁ding大da小xiao應ying根gen據ju市shi場chang及ji食shi用yong者zhe的de要yao求qiu而er定ding。
(5)漂燙:馬ma鈴ling薯shu塊kuai莖jing中zhong包bao含han有you大da量liang的de酶mei,這zhe些xie酶mei在zai馬ma鈴ling薯shu的de新xin陳chen代dai謝xie過guo程cheng中zhong起qi著zhe重zhong要yao的de作zuo用yong。有you的de酶mei可ke以yi使shi切qie開kai的de馬ma鈴ling薯shu表biao麵mian變bian黑hei,有you的de參can與yu碳tan水shui化hua合he物wu的de變bian化hua,有you的de酶mei則ze使shi馬ma鈴ling薯shu中zhong的de脂zhi肪fang分fen解jie。用yong加jia熱re或huo其qi他ta一yi些xie方fang法fa可ke以yi將jiang這zhe些xie酶mei破po壞huai,或huo使shi其qi失shi去qu活huo力li。漂piao燙tang還hai可ke以yi減jian少shao微wei生sheng物wu的de沾zhan染ran。馬ma鈴ling薯shu丁ding在zai切qie好hao後hou,加jia熱re至zhi94~1OO℃進(jin)行(xing)漂(piao)燙(tang)。漂(piao)燙(tang)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)在(zai)水(shui)中(zhong)或(huo)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)中(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)的(de)。用(yong)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)漂(piao)燙(tang)時(shi),將(jiang)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)丁(ding)置(zhi)於(yu)不(bu)鏽(xiu)鋼(gang)輸(shu)送(song)器(qi)的(de)懸(xuan)掛(gua)式(shi)皮(pi)帶(dai)上(shang),更(geng)先(xian)進(jin)的(de)是(shi)放(fang)入(ru)螺(luo)旋(xuan)式(shi)輸(shu)送(song)器(qi)中(zhong),使(shi)其(qi)暴(bao)露(lu)在(zai)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)中(zhong)加(jia)熱(re)。在(zai)通(tong)常(chang)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),蒸(zheng)汽(qi)漂(piao)燙(tang)所(suo)損(sun)失(shi)的(de)可(ke)溶(rong)性(xing)固(gu)形(xing)物(wu)比(bi)水(shui)漂(piao)燙(tang)少(shao),這(zhe)是(shi)由(you)於(yu)用(yong)水(shui)漂(piao)及(ji)時(shi),馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)中(zhong)的(de)可(ke)溶(rong)性(xing)固(gu)形(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)都(dou)溶(rong)在(zai)了(le)水(shui)中(zhong)。
漂燙時間從2min到12min不等,視所用溫度高低、馬鈴薯丁用大小、漂燙機容量、漂(piao)燙(tang)機(ji)內(nei)熱(re)量(liang)分(fen)布(bu)是(shi)否(fou)均(jun)勻(yun)以(yi)及(ji)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)品(pin)種(zhong)和(he)成(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)等(deng)而(er)異(yi)。漂(piao)燙(tang)程(cheng)度(du)對(dui)成(cheng)品(pin)的(de)質(zhi)地(di)與(yu)外(wai)觀(guan)有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)影(ying)響(xiang),漂(piao)燙(tang)過(guo)度(du)會(hui)使(shi)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)變(bian)軟(ruan)或(huo)成(cheng)糊(hu)狀(zhuang)。漂(piao)燙(tang)之(zhi)後(hou)要(yao)立(li)即(ji)噴(pen)水(shui)衝(chong)洗(xi)除(chu)去(qu)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)表(biao)麵(mian)的(de)膠(jiao)狀(zhuang)澱(dian)粉(fen),以(yi)防(fang)止(zhi)其(qi)在(zai)脫(tuo)水(shui)時(shi)出(chu)現(xian)粘(zhan)連(lian)現(xian)象(xiang)。
(6)化學處理:malingshudingzaipiaotangzhihou,xulijiyongyaliusuanyanrongyepenlin。yongyaliusuanyanchulihoudemalingshuding,zaituoshuishiyunxushiyongjiaogaodewendu,zheyangkeyitigaotuoshuidesuduhegongchangdeshengchannengli,zaijiaogaodewenduxiatuoshuikechanshengzhidishusongdechanpin,erqiechanpindefushuixingnenghao,haikeyifangzhiqizaituoshuishichanshengfeimeihebianyujiaohuaxianxiang,youliyuchanpinzhuzang。danyinggaizhuyichanpindehanshuiliangbunengguogao,fouzehuishiyaliusuanyanshixiao。chengpinzhongeryanghualiudehanliangbudechaoguo0.05%。
氯化鈣具有使馬鈴薯丁質地堅實、bimianqibianruanhekongzhirenengsunhaodexiaoguo。dangmalingshudingcongpiaotangjizhongchulaishi,lijipensahanyoulvhuagaiderongye,keyifangzhimalingshudingzaipengtiaoshibianruan,bingshizhixunsufushui。danzaijinxinggaiyanchulishi,bunengtongshishiyongyaliusuanna,yimianchanshengyaliusuangaichendian。
(7)脫水幹燥:脫水速度的快慢影響到產品的密度,脫水速度越快,密度也越低。通過帶式烘幹機脫水,可以很方便地控製溫度、風量和風速,以獲得最佳產品。在帶式烘幹機上,烘幹的溫度一般從135℃逐漸下降到79℃約1h,要求水分到26%~35%;從89℃逐漸下降到60℃,為2~3h要求水分降低至10%~15%;從 60℃降到37.5℃為4~8h,水分降到10%以下。現代新技術的發展,使用微波進行馬鈴薯丁脫水,效果好、速度快。在幾分鍾內,即可將馬鈴薯丁的含水量下降到2%~3%。kuaisutuoshuihaihuichanshengyizhongpaomozuoyong,duifushuihenyouhaochu。malingshuzhongdeshuifentouguobiaomianxunsukuosan,keyifangzhiyinzhouweikongqiganzaoerbansuichanshengdebiaomianbianyingxianxiang。
(8)分類篩選:產(chan)品(pin)在(zai)脫(tuo)水(shui)後(hou)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)查(zha),將(jiang)變(bian)色(se)的(de)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)丁(ding)除(chu)掉(diao)。可(ke)用(yong)手(shou)工(gong)檢(jian)選(xuan),也(ye)可(ke)用(yong)電(dian)子(zi)分(fen)類(lei)檢(jian)選(xuan)機(ji)。加(jia)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),成(cheng)品(pin)中(zhong)總(zong)會(hui)夾(jia)雜(za)著(zhe)一(yi)些(xie)不(bu)合(he)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)部(bu)分(fen),如(ru)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)皮(pi)、黑斑、黃化塊等,使用氣動力分離機進行除雜檢選,可使產品符合規定,保持其大小均勻,沒有碎片和小塊。
(9)包裝:包裝一般多采用牛皮紙袋包裝,其重量從2.3kg至4.6kg不等。亦可用盒、袋、蠟紙包裝。
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