由於7—8月我省雨水偏多,鎮江等地葡萄霜黴病發生較重,不利於保護秋葉,會影響樹體養分積累和來年生長結果。
今年7月份以來多雨日、強雨量、少(shao)日(ri)照(zhao)的(de)天(tian)氣(qi),使(shi)得(de)當(dang)地(di)空(kong)氣(qi)潮(chao)濕(shi),葡(pu)萄(tao)園(yuan)土(tu)壤(rang)濕(shi)度(du)偏(pian)大(da),葉(ye)片(pian)光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong)減(jian)弱(ruo),霜(shuang)黴(mei)病(bing)發(fa)生(sheng)較(jiao)重(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong)以(yi)露(lu)地(di)栽(zai)培(pei)的(de)早(zao)中(zhong)熟(shu)葡(pu)萄(tao)品(pin)種(zhong)如(ru)夏(xia)黑(hei)、巨峰受害較重,而避雨栽培的美人指受害較輕。由於降雨頻繁,發病田塊無法施藥或施藥防效差,病情難以得到有效控製。
霜shuang黴mei病bing是shi葡pu萄tao上shang的de重zhong要yao病bing害hai之zhi一yi,在zai各ge地di都dou有you發fa生sheng,主zhu要yao危wei害hai葉ye片pian,造zao成cheng早zao期qi落luo葉ye,還hai可ke以yi危wei害hai新xin梢shao和he果guo穗sui。主zhu要yao症zheng狀zhuang是shi葉ye片pian正zheng麵mian出chu現xian多duo角jiao形xing黃huang斑ban,後hou期qi會hui枯ku死si,顏yan色se變bian褐he,背bei麵mian產chan生sheng白bai色se霜shuang黴mei。該gai病bing屬shu真zhen菌jun性xing病bing害hai,病bing菌jun主zhu要yao以yi卵luan孢bao子zi隨sui病bing殘can體ti在zai土tu壤rang中zhong越yue冬dong,少shao數shu也ye可ke以yi以yi菌jun絲si體ti在zai芽ya中zhong越yue冬dong。葡pu萄tao生sheng長chang季ji節jie,病bing害hai一yi般ban從cong下xia部bu葉ye片pian開kai始shi發fa生sheng,病bing菌jun孢bao子zi借jie風feng雨yu傳chuan播bo。該gai病bing為wei典dian型xing的de雨yu季ji流liu行xing病bing害hai,通tong常chang發fa生sheng在zai秋qiu季ji,尤you其qi在zai秋qiu季ji低di溫wen多duo雨yu、晝夜溫差大的情況下易流行。地勢低窪、土質黏重、排水不暢、栽植密度大、通風不良、施氮肥偏多的葡萄園發病重。
當(dang)前(qian)葡(pu)萄(tao)正(zheng)處(chu)於(yu)成(cheng)熟(shu)采(cai)收(shou)期(qi),應(ying)在(zai)采(cai)收(shou)結(jie)束(shu)後(hou)搶(qiang)抓(zhua)晴(qing)天(tian)及(ji)時(shi)用(yong)藥(yao)防(fang)治(zhi)霜(shuang)黴(mei)病(bing),以(yi)防(fang)葉(ye)片(pian)早(zao)落(luo)。烯(xi)酰(xian)嗎(ma)啉(lin)推(tui)薦(jian)用(yong)於(yu)防(fang)治(zhi)葡(pu)萄(tao)霜(shuang)黴(mei)病(bing),為(wei)延(yan)緩(huan)病(bing)菌(jun)抗(kang)藥(yao)性(xing)產(chan)生(sheng),生(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)宜(yi)將(jiang)其(qi)與(yu)乙(yi)膦(lin)鋁(lv)、甲霜靈等藥交替使用。土壤濕度大的田塊需排水降漬,以增加根係有氧呼吸強度,提高代謝能力,增強植株抗病能力。同時做好修剪、清園等工作,將病枝葉、病果帶出田外銷毀,以減少園內菌源。
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