荸薺是我縣重要的經濟作物之一,常年種植麵積為500畝mu以yi上shang。近jin期qi部bu分fen田tian塊kuai的de荸bi薺qi發fa生sheng了le杆gan枯ku病bing,出chu現xian莖jing葉ye發fa黃huang,枯ku死si等deng症zheng狀zhuang,不bu僅jin造zao成cheng產chan量liang減jian產chan,品pin質zhi也ye受shou到dao較jiao大da影ying響xiang。現xian將jiang該gai病bing發fa生sheng與yu防fang治zhi技ji術shu簡jian述shu如ru下xia:
該病主要為害葉鞘、莖jing葉ye。葉ye鞘qiao染ran病bing,基ji部bu初chu現xian暗an綠lv色se不bu規gui則ze形xing水shui漬zi狀zhuang斑ban,後hou擴kuo展zhan到dao整zheng個ge葉ye鞘qiao,病bing部bu幹gan燥zao後hou呈cheng灰hui白bai色se並bing現xian短duan條tiao狀zhuang黑hei色se小xiao點dian。莖jing杆gan染ran病bing,初chu呈cheng水shui漬zi狀zhuang棱leng形xing或huo橢tuo圓yuan形xing至zhi不bu規gui則ze形xing暗an綠lv色se梭suo狀zhuang病bing斑ban,呈cheng水shui漬zi狀zhuang暗an黃huang色se,病bing部bu組zu織zhi變bian軟ruan凹ao陷xian,其qi上shang出chu現xian黑hei色se小xiao點dian或huo短duan線xian狀zhuang斑ban點dian,有you時shi呈cheng同tong心xin圓yuan狀zhuang排pai列lie。隨sui著zhe病bing情qing的de發fa展zhan,病bing莖jing病bing斑ban處chu向xiang上shang逐zhu步bu擴kuo展zhan為wei長chang條tiao狀zhuang枯ku黃huang色se大da斑ban,致zhi使shi葉ye狀zhuang莖jing幹gan枯ku發fa黃huang,並bing可ke見jian大da量liang淺qian灰hui色se黴mei層ceng,嚴yan重zhong時shi直zhi至zhi全quan莖jing死si亡wang,病bing斑ban下xia部bu莖jing杆gan仍reng保bao持chi綠lv色se。
病(bing)菌(jun)主(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)菌(jun)絲(si)體(ti)在(zai)土(tu)壤(rang)病(bing)殘(can)體(ti)上(shang)越(yue)冬(dong),新(xin)產(chan)區(qu)則(ze)以(yi)帶(dai)菌(jun)球(qiu)莖(jing)為(wei)初(chu)侵(qin)染(ran)源(yuan),孢(bao)子(zi)借(jie)鳳(feng)雨(yu)和(he)灌(guan)溉(gai)水(shui)進(jin)行(xing)傳(chuan)播(bo),雨(yu)水(shui)頻(pin)繁(fan),雨(yu)量(liang)大(da)易(yi)發(fa)病(bing)。另(ling)外(wai)地(di)勢(shi)低(di)窪(wa),封(feng)行(xing)早(zao)、通風透光差,偏施氮肥,長勢過旺,莖杆柔嫩的田塊發病重。
對發生杆枯病的田塊,發病初期,及時葉麵噴藥,可用25%多菌靈可濕性粉劑250倍液或50%甲基硫菌靈可濕性粉劑800倍液; 7-10天一次,連續3-4次(ci),控(kong)製(zhi)該(gai)病(bing)的(de)蔓(man)延(yan)。另(ling)外(wai)合(he)理(li)施(shi)肥(fei),增(zeng)施(shi)磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)和(he)農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)含(han)矽(gui)磷(lin)肥(fei),保(bao)證(zheng)養(yang)分(fen)充(chong)足(zu),提(ti)高(gao)生(sheng)理(li)代(dai)謝(xie)機(ji)能(neng),增(zeng)加(jia)苗(miao)表(biao)皮(pi)矽(gui)質(zhi)厚(hou)度(du),增(zeng)強(qiang)植(zhi)株(zhu)抗(kang)病(bing)能(neng)力(li)。
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