棉粉虱的成蟲、若蟲均能為害棉花,尤其以若蟲為害最重。成蟲身體及翅膀上有臘質白粉。若蟲有5齡,1齡若蟲能爬行,其它齡期的若蟲定伏在葉背麵吸食。該蟲一年能發生10代左右,5月份開始進入棉田為害棉花幼苗,最宜發生的氣溫為20~30℃,8~9月是為害高峰期,10月yue上shang中zhong旬xun氣qi溫wen適shi宜yi時shi,仍reng可ke繼ji續xu為wei害hai。棉mian粉fen虱shi為wei害hai初chu期qi,隻zhi在zai棉mian株zhu嫩nen葉ye被bei麵mian潛qian伏fu,繼ji而er棉mian株zhu上shang中zhong下xia部bu葉ye片pian均jun被bei為wei害hai,尤you以yi上shang部bu葉ye片pian為wei害hai最zui重zhong。據ju我wo們men在zai漢han川chuan市shi刁diao東dong棉mian花hua原yuan種zhong場chang為wei害hai較jiao重zhong的de棉mian田tian調tiao查zha,上shang部bu葉ye片pian有you成cheng蟲chong、若蟲50~60頭,每株棉花少則有蟲2000~3000頭,多則4000~5000頭(tou)。被(bei)害(hai)葉(ye)片(pian)的(de)汁(zhi)液(ye)被(bei)吮(shun)吸(xi)後(hou),葉(ye)麵(mian)上(shang)出(chu)現(xian)褪(tui)淡(dan)斑(ban)點(dian)或(huo)紅(hong)褐(he)色(se)斑(ban)點(dian),進(jin)而(er)葉(ye)緣(yuan)及(ji)整(zheng)株(zhu)葉(ye)片(pian)和(he)生(sheng)長(chang)點(dian)皺(zhou)縮(suo)焦(jiao)枯(ku),導(dao)致(zhi)蕾(lei)鈴(ling)大(da)量(liang)脫(tuo)落(luo),鈴(ling)重(zhong)減(jian)輕(qing),輕(qing)者(zhe)減(jian)產(chan)5~10%,嚴重的減產20~30%。今年天氣有利於棉粉虱的發生,不可對其防治掉以輕心。
首shou先xian,各ge級ji農nong業ye主zhu管guan部bu門men要yao及ji時shi發fa布bu棉mian粉fen虱shi的de發fa生sheng動dong態tai,提ti供gong防fang治zhi的de黃huang色se預yu警jing,增zeng強qiang基ji層ceng農nong技ji人ren員yuan和he廣guang大da棉mian農nong防fang治zhi棉mian粉fen虱shi的de警jing覺jiao性xing。同tong時shi,組zu織zhi農nong民min早zao備bei機ji動dong噴pen霧wu器qi,對dui重zhong發fa棉mian田tian進jin行xing群qun防fang群qun治zhi,其qi它ta輕qing發fa棉mian田tian也ye要yao早zao防fang早zao治zhi。
qici,yaochedijinghuamiantianzhoubianhuanjing。jinguanquniantianqiduimianfenshifashengbuli,danmiantianfujindexuduoshucaidapengbianyumianfenshizangni,youci,yaochediqinglishucaidapengneicanliudezhiti,bingyaochanchumiantiansizhouzacao,jinkenengdejianshaochongyuan。
第三,迅速開展化學防治。對口防治農藥,一可用3%禦丹可濕性粉劑,每畝60克;二可用3%奇巧乳油每畝50毫升,分別兌水15~30公斤噴施;三可用銀雀(3%啶蟲脒可濕性粉沫)1000-2000倍液;四可用20%啶蟲脒可濕性粉劑1500倍液與1.8%阿維菌素乳油3000倍液混合噴施;五可在發蟲初期用25%撲虱靈乳油100倍液噴施;六可用10%烯啶蟲胺2000倍 液 。
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