據了解,蘋果樹腐爛病一年有兩個擴展高峰期,分別在3—4月和8—9月(yue),春(chun)季(ji)危(wei)害(hai)重(zhong)於(yu)秋(qiu)季(ji)。秋(qiu)末(mo)冬(dong)初(chu),樹(shu)體(ti)進(jin)入(ru)休(xiu)眠(mian)期(qi),抵(di)抗(kang)力(li)減(jian)弱(ruo),病(bing)菌(jun)向(xiang)樹(shu)皮(pi)內(nei)層(ceng)健(jian)康(kang)組(zu)織(zhi)侵(qin)染(ran),次(ci)年(nian)早(zao)春(chun)氣(qi)溫(wen)回(hui)升(sheng)後(hou)病(bing)情(qing)擴(kuo)展(zhan)迅(xun)速(su),進(jin)入(ru)發(fa)病(bing)盛(sheng)期(qi)。蘋(ping)果(guo)樹(shu)展(zhan)葉(ye)開(kai)花(hua)恢(hui)複(fu)生(sheng)長(chang)後(hou)發(fa)病(bing)銳(rui)減(jian),擴(kuo)展(zhan)停(ting)頓(dun)。夏(xia)秋(qiu)季(ji)樹(shu)體(ti)生(sheng)長(chang)漸(jian)緩(huan),但(dan)比(bi)春(chun)季(ji)生(sheng)活(huo)力(li)強(qiang),病(bing)菌(jun)侵(qin)害(hai)健(jian)康(kang)組(zu)織(zhi)受(shou)到(dao)抵(di)抗(kang),病(bing)部(bu)局(ju)限(xian)於(yu)樹(shu)皮(pi)表(biao)層(ceng),形成表麵潰瘍。
春季是防治蘋果樹腐爛病的好時節,防治措施有3點(dian)。一(yi)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)加(jia)強(qiang)栽(zai)培(pei)管(guan)理(li)。增(zeng)施(shi)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei),瘠(ji)薄(bo)地(di)可(ke)圍(wei)繞(rao)樹(shu)盤(pan)擴(kuo)坑(keng)改(gai)土(tu),合(he)理(li)留(liu)果(guo),注(zhu)意(yi)排(pai)水(shui)等(deng),以(yi)增(zeng)強(qiang)樹(shu)勢(shi)。二(er)要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)清(qing)除(chu)菌(jun)源(yuan)。及(ji)時(shi)清(qing)理(li)剪(jian)除(chu)病(bing)枝(zhi)、sizhi,guachubingpi。dimianpusuliaomojiejianxiadecanzhi,ranhoujizhongqingchuyuanwaixiaohui。jianjuxiadedazhibuyaomafangzaiyuannei,buyongbingzhizuozhigunhuojialiba,yimianbingjunchuanbo。sanyaopenchanchuji。zaochunmengyaqianduiquanshupen40%福美胂可濕性粉劑100倍液,以鏟除表層的病菌。
蘋果樹生長期間要及時刮治腐爛病病斑,特別是早春和晚秋,要刮淨病部塗藥,可選用福星40%氟矽唑乳油500倍液,或升氏55%矽唑·多菌靈可濕性粉劑100倍液,或5%菌毒清水劑20~50倍液等。對病斑過大,影響上下養分運輸的枝幹,可在春季選一年生壯枝作接穗,在病斑上下邊緣實行多枝橋接,綁緊即可。
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